Monográficos-InfoDOC Universidad de Salamanca Facultad de Traducción y
Documentación Biblioteca Web
Conducta informacional InfoDoc
diciembre de 2006 ¿Que
es?
"Comportamiento informacional es la totalidad del
comportamiento humano en relación con las fuentes y canales de información,
incluida la búsqueda activa y pasiva de información y el uso de la
información
Wilson
TD. Human information behavior. Inform Sci 2000;(2):49-55.
1.
Agosto, D. E. and Hughes-Hassell,
S., "People, places, and questions: An investigation of the everyday
life information-seeking behaviors of urban young adults ". Library
& information science research, Vol. 27, No. 2, 2005, pp. 141-163. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Conducta/Necesidades de información/Estudio de
usuarios/Jovenes
Resumen:
This article presents preliminary findings from a
research grant on the everyday life information-seeking (ELIS) behaviors of
urban young adults. Twenty-seven teens aged 14 through 17 participated in the
study. Qualitative data were gathered using written activity logs and
semi-structured group interviews. A typology of urban teens' preferred ELIS
sources, media types, and query topics is presented. The typology shows friends
and family as preferred ELIS sources, cell phones as the preferred method of
mediated communication, and schoolwork, time-related queries, and social life as
the most common and most significant areas of ELIS. The results indicate a heavy
preference for people as information sources and that urban teens hold generally
unfavorable views of libraries and librarians. The conclusion lists questions
that information practitioners should consider when designing programs and
services for urban teens and calls for researchers to consider this
often-ignored segment of the population as potential study
participants.
2.
Awre, C., Dovey, M. J., Hunter, J.,
Kilbride, W., and Dolphin, I., "Developing Portal Services and
Evaluating How Users Want to Use Them: The CREE Project ".
Ariadne, No. 41, 2004. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue41/awre-cree/
Descriptores
: Servicios de Información/Inglaterra/Evaluación/Estudio de
usuarios/Usabilidad/Conducta/Portales
Resumen:
Chris Awre, Matthew J Dovey, Jon Hunter, William Kilbride and
Ian Dolphin describe the JISC-funded Contextual Resource Evaluation Environment
(CREE) Project and its user and technical investigations to examine how users
wish to use library search services.
Describes key aspects of the methodology and outcomes of the
JISC User Behaviour Monitoring and Evaluation Framework in its first three
annual cycles (1999-2002). The Framework was initiated to assure the JISC that
their investment in digital content and network infrastructure facilitates use
and learning, and to identify barriers and facilitators to the use of electronic
information services (EIS). Key Framework outcomes are: a multi-dimensional
across sector methodology for the continued monitoring of user behaviour in
respect of EIS and the factors that impact on that behaviour; a profile of user
behaviour in respect of EIS over the three annual cycles of the Framework; the
EIS Diagnostic Toolkit that can be used to benchmark development in the
provision and use of EIS in specific disciplines or at specific institutions; a
methodology for monitoring, and a profile of the EIS resources available to
higher and further education users; and a summary of some of the key issues in
their provision. The challenge for the future is the embedding of EIS in
curricula and learning experiences.
4.
Barrett, A., "The
Information-Seeking Habits of Graduate Student Researchers in the
Humanities". Journal of Academic Librarianship, Vol. 31, No. 4,
2005, pp. 324-331. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00991333
Descriptores
: Bibliotecas universitarias/Necesidades de
información/Conducta/Humanidades/Estudiantes
Resumen:
This paper summarizes an exploratory research study on the
information-seeking habits of graduate student researchers in the humanities.
In-depth interviews with a small sample of humanities graduate students were
used to explore to what extent humanities graduate students might constitute a
user group distinct from faculty and undergraduate models.
5.
Bartlett, J. C. and Toms, E.
G., "Developing a protocol for bioinformatics analysis: An integrated
information behavior and task analysis approach ". Journal of the
American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 56, No. 5,
2005, pp. 469-482. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/109865529/PDFSTART
The purpose of this research is to capture, understand, and
model the process used by bioinformatics analysts when facing a specific
scientific problem. Integrating information behavior with task analysis, we
interviewed 20 bioinformatics experts about the process they follow to conduct a
typical bioinformatics analysis - a functional analysis of a gene, and then used
a task analysis approach to model that process. We found that each expert
followed a unique process in using bioinformatics resources, but had significant
similarities with their peers. We synthesized these unique processes into a
standard research protocol, from which we developed a procedural model that
describes the process of conducting a functional analysis of a gene. The model
protocol consists of a series of 16 individual steps, each of which specifies
detail for the type of analysis, how and why it is conducted, the tools used,
the data input and output, and the interpretation of the results. The linking of
information behavior and task analysis research is a novel approach, as it
provides a rich high-level view of information behavior while providing a
detailed analysis at the task level. In this article we concentrate on the
latter.
6.
Bates, J. A., "Use of
narrative interviewing in everyday information behavior research ".
Library & information science research, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2004 , pp.
15-28 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Conducta/Necesidades de información
Resumen:
With an increasing focus on developing a theoretical
understanding of everyday life information behaviors, researchers need to
consider the appropriateness of the methods and techniques utilized in empirical
research in this area. Progressively, studies articulate the need for a
person-centered approach to researching human information behavior, yet research
methods can be adopted that do not encourage the study participants to express
freely their views and experiences. This article proposes that narrative and
episodic interviewing techniques are qualitative research methods that sustain a
person-centered paradigm of human information behavior and that provide a
particularly useful methodological framework for studies of everyday life
information-seeking behavior. Furthermore, the author discusses her own
work-in-progress that involves narrative interviews.
: Representación del conocimiento/Conducta/Necesidades de
información
Resumen:
Fundamental forms of information, as well as the term
information itself, are defined and developed for the purposes of information
science/studies. Concepts of natural and represented information (taking an
unconventional sense of representation), encoded and embodied information, as
well as experienced, enacted, expressed, embedded, recorded, and trace
information are elaborated. The utility of these terms for the discipline is
illustrated with examples from the study of information-seeking behavior and of
information genres. Distinctions between the information and curatorial sciences
with respect to their social (and informational) objects of study are briefly
outlined.
: Estudio de usuarios/Conducta/Necesidades de
información
Resumen:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review Wilson's
(1981) seminal article, "On user studies and information needs" (journal of
Documentation, 1981, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 3-15) as part of a series celebrating
the Journal's 60th anniversary. Design/methodology/approach - This paper adopts
a literature-based conceptual analysis, taking Wilson's paper as the starting
point, and evaluating the significance of, and later developments in, the issues
dealt with in that article. Findings - Wilson's article has had a significant
effect on the development of information science. It dealt with several
fundamental issues, including the nature of information itself and of
information need, models of information seeking and information behaviour,
particularly those based on phenomenological or "whole life" concepts,
appropriate research methods for these areas, and the nature of information
science as an academic discipline. Originality/value - The paper provides a
perspective on the development of information science over 30 years, with
particular emphasis on the study of human information behaviour.
9.
Beale, R., "Improving
Internet Interaction: From Theory to Practice". Journal of the
American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 57, No. 6,
2006, pp. 829-833. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
Descriptores
: Internet /Interactividad/Conducta
Resumen:
The Internet is a medium for education, entertainment,
communication, and personal expression. User behavior has developed three main
modalities for using this medium effectively-searching, browsing, and
monitoring-which are supported to different degrees by conventional tools.
Understanding the nature of the interaction allows us to design and implement a
system called Mitsukeru to support browsing behaviors, while retaining the
free-form movements between other interaction styles. The system uses
agent-based modeling and look-ahead to provide informative yet nonintrusive
guidance to the user, and is described in detail.
10.
Benoît, G., "Properties-based
retrieval and user decision states: User control and behavior modeling
". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and
Technology, Vol. 55, No. 6, 2004, pp. 488-497. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/107063566/PDFSTART
Descriptores
: Estudio de usuarios/Toma de
decisiones/Conducta/Recuperación de la información
Resumen:
As retrieval set size in information retrieval (IR) becomes
larger, users may need greater interactive opportunities to determine for
themselves potential relevance of the resources offered by a given collection. A
parts-of-document approach, coupled with an interactive graphic interface and
control panel, permits end users to tailor the information seeking (IS) session.
Applying the model described by the author in a previous paper in this journal,
this paper explores two issues: whether a group of information seekers in the
same research domain will want to use this type of IR interaction, and whether
such interaction is more successful than relevancy ranked lists, based on the
general vector model. In addition, the paper proposes the use of gradient space
as a means of capturing end users' cognitive states - decision-making points -
during a parts-of-document-based IR session. It concludes that, for a group of
biomedical researchers, a parts-of-document approach is preferred for certain IR
situations and that gradient space provides designers of systems with empirical
evidence suited for systems analysis.
11.
Borgman, C. L. and and others,
"Children's Searching Behavior on Browsing and Keyword Online Catalogs: The
Science Library Catalog Project.". Journal of the American Society
for Information Science, Vol. 46, No. 9, 1995, pp. 663-684. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Niños/Catálogos automatizados/Búsquedas
bibliográficas/Clasificación Decimal de Dewey/Clasificación
bibliográfica/Enseñanza primaria/Sistemas de información/Catálogos/Estudio de
usuarios/Conducta
Resumen:
Presents results of experiments conducted on four
versions of the Science Library Catalog (SLC), a Dewey decimal-based
hierarchical browsing system implemented in HyperCard without a keyboard. The
SLC approach helps children overcome problems with typing, spelling, vocabulary,
and Boolean logic.
: Documentación/Biblioteconomía/Investigación
cualitativa/Estudio de usuarios/Conducta/Recuperación de la
información
Resumen:
Se intenta determinar cúales son las técnicas cualitativas
concretas que pueden ser útiles en el desarrollo de las investigaciones en
Biblioteconomía y Documentación, qué temas son los más susceptibles de ser
abordados desde una perspectiva cualitativa, y si existe una relación entre la
técnica empleada y el tema tratado. Se analiza la temática y las técnicas
empleadas en los artículos de investigación publicados en Journal of the
American Society for Information Science y Library and Information Science
Research desde 1993 hasta 1997. La mayor parte de los artículos que emplean
técnicas cualitativas estudian el comportamiento del usuario en la recuperación
de la información, bien sea explorando su conducta al utilizar un sistema
automatizado, o bien centrándose en las táticas de diversos grupos para resolver
sus necedidades informativas. Finalmente se exponen las características que
definen este tipo de investigaciones.
13.
Brown, C. M., "Information
seeking behavior of scienctists in the electronic information age : astronomers,
chemists, mathematicians and physicists". Journal of the American
Society for Information Science , Vol. 50, No. 10, 1999, pp. 929-943. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Estudio de usuarios/Ciencias/Revistas electrónicas
/Publicaciones periódicas/Conducta/Matemáticas
Resumen:
La investigación sobre la conducta en la búsqueda de
información de los astrónomos, matemáticos y físicos en la University of
Oklahoma ha sido analizada utilizando un cuestionario distribuido
electrónicamente. Todos estos científicos hacen un seguimiento habitual de la
literatura profesional para poder estar al día en sus investigaciones. Los
matemáticos manifiestan la importancia de las monografías y preimpresos, actas
de congresos y comunicación personal. Y todos afirman haber leido los últimos
artículos de revista para poder estar al día en sus campos de investigación. A
pesar de que cada vez cobran más importancia los servicios electrónicos, la
mayoría prefiere el acceso a los artículos de revista en formato impreso. La
deficiencia fundamental que en su opinión tienen las bibliotecas es el acceso a
bases de datos.
The article aims to show that 'deconstruction' can be
useful to practising translators. It is important not to proff er
generalizations about 'deconstruction', but to study specific texts. I initially
review Philip Lewis' ideas before going on to show how Jacques Derrida's text
'Force de loi' (Derrida 1990) is a preferable text for our purposes. Ideas from
'Force de loi', in particular the notion of a just decision, inspire flexible
guidelines for the conduct of translators. The main features are the following:
making decisions which take into account the source text as a whole and the
translational situation as a whole with its many facets; not sticking blindly to
pre-determined translational strategies but responding to the specifi city of
the translational situation; making decisions which take into account both rules
and protocols, and the incalculable singularity of the translation event; and
adopting a critical attitude towards established social norms if required by the
particular translational
: Necesidades de información/Conducta/America
Latina/Bibliotecas universitarias/Usuarios /Investigadores
Resumen:
Se presenta una descripción de la importancia que tiene la
determinación de las necesidades de información y el comportamiento informativo
por los centros de documentación o las bibliotecas especializadas que atienden a
una comunidad de usuarios conformada por investigadores en instituciones de
educación superior. Expone algunas técnicas que permiten determinar las
necesidades y el comportamiento informativo. Asimismo expone algunos de los
resultados de una investigación realizada en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México con los investigadores y presenta en un anexo el comportamiento de los
investigadores de las áreas de humanidades, ciencias sociales y científica
obtenida de diversas investigaciones realizadas sobre todo en países
desarrollados, así como presenta una bibliografía recomendada sobre este
tópico.
16.
Cano, V., "Citation behavior:
classification, utility, and location.". Journal of the American
Society for Information Science, Vol. 40, No. 4, 1989, pp. 284-90. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Citas bibliográficas/Indices de
citas/Bibliometría/Conducta
Resumen:
Describes a study that empirically tested the citation
behavior model of Moravcsik and Murugesan and examined the hypothesized
relationships between three variables: reported citation type, reported utility
level, and citation location. It is concluded that studies focusing on elements
of information cited are needed to develop models reflecting patterns of
information use and citation behavior.
17.
Carey, R. F., McKechnie, L. E. F., and
McKenzie , P. J., "Gaining access to everyday life information seeking
". Library & information science research, Vol. 23, No. 4,
2001, pp. 319-334. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Necesidades de información/Conducta/Información a la
comunidad/Gobierno electronico
Resumen:
The discursive viewpoint adopted by many researchers who study
everyday life information seeking allows for a shift in focus away from the
individual as a unit of analysis toward a more general understanding of the
broader cultural conditions within which individuals operate. However, the data
employed by such researchers often consist of the testimony or observed actions
of individuals. This paradox provides a point from which to reflect on the
process of gaining access or entry to everyday life information seekers as
research participants. This article presents the authors' reflections on their
experiences of conducting separate library and information science studies of
three diverse populations: pregnant women, members of a self-help support group,
and preschool children. The article's premise is that theory and research
practice are intertwined and that attending to issues of gaining access is
essential for the development of both. Access is an emergent process dependent
on the characteristics of the researcher, the participants, and the research
context.
18.
Chatman, E. A., "Life in a small
world: applicability of gratification theory to information-seeking
behavior.". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science, Vol. 42, No. 6, 1991, pp. 438-49. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Conducta/Información/Bibliotecas
Resumen:
Explains the conceptual framework of gratification theory and
describes a study that investigated the information-seeking behaviors of a lower
working class population. The usefulness of gratification theory in explaining
their information-seeking behavior is discussed, and implications for librarians
and other information professionals are suggested.
19.
Chen, C., "Writing with
Collaborative Hypertext: Analysis and Modeling.". Journal of the
American Society for Information Science, Vol. 48, No. 11, 1997, pp.
1049-66. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Formación de
usuarios/Diseño/Hipertexto/Conducta/Cooperación/Tecnologías de la
información/Interación hombre-máquina/Modelos organizativos/Usuarios
Resumen:
Explores an approach to analysis and modeling of
computer-supported collaborative writing, which captures the structure of user
behavior as they interact with a computer system. Shows that patterns of
interactive behaviors of the users were influenced by the system design.
Suggests that this approach is worth pursuing and may be integrated with other
process modeling techniques.
When writing about the future of scholarly electronic journals,
forecasters often focus on fine-tuning electronic delivery mechanisms (Okerson,
1991) or revolutionizing scholarly communication (Harnad, 1995). If instead they
anchor their predictions in real-life experience, they focus on their personal
(usually positive) experiences or successes of electronic publishing in a
particular domain such as Mathematics (Odlyzko, 1995). Success stories can be
helpful to support decisions promoting access to electronic journals. However,
mixed attitudes of other readers, editors and contributors reveal some important
challenges facing the future of electronic journals. Attitudes about publishing
and reading electronic journals both shape and are shaped by the technology of
electronic journals. For instance, the long-term viability of particular
electronic journals depends upon acceptance by readers, editors and contributors
who help the journal gain a sustainable readership, respected contributors and a
desirable reputation as a useful forum. At the same time, the technology of
networked electronic communication provides the means for distributing and
exchanging materials in new formats.
21.
Dalrymple, P. W., "Retrieval by
reformulation in two library catalogs: toward a cognitive model of searching
behavior.". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science, Vol. 41, No. 4, 1990, pp. 272-81. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Catálogos/Catálogos automatizados/Búsquedas
bibliográficas/Evaluación/Bases de datos/Conducta
Resumen:
Describes a study that investigated the information-seeking
behavior of users searching a card catalog and a comparable online catalog. The
purpose was to explore whether a theory of human remembering, retrieval by
reformulation, might be useful in explaining search behavior in bibliographic
databases. (61 references) (CLB).
22.
Davis, P. M.,
"Information-seeking behavior of chemists: A transaction log analysis of
referral URLs ". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science and Technology, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2004, pp. 326-332. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/106566738/PDFSTART
Descriptores
: Necesidades de
información/Conducta/Química/Internet
Resumen:
This study reports an analysis of referral URL data by the
Cornell University IP address from the American Chemical Society servers. The
goal of this work is to better understand the tools used and pathways taken when
scientists connect to electronic journals. While various methods of referral
were identified in this study, most individuals were referred infrequently and
followed few and consistent pathways each time they connected. The relationship
between the number and types of referrals followed an inverse-square law.
Whereas the majority of referrals came from established finding tools (library
catalog, library e-journal list, and bibliographic databases), a substantial
number of referrals originated from generic Web searches. Scientists are also
relying on local alternatives or substitutes such as departmental or personal
Web pages with lists of linked publications. The use of electronic mail as a
method to refer scientists directly to online articles may be greatly
underestimated. Implications for the development of redundant library services
such as e-journal lists and the practice of publishers to allow linking from
other resources are discussed.
23.
Desouza, K. C., Awazu, Y., and Wan,
Y., "Factors Governing the Consumption of Explicit
Knowledge". Journal of the American Society for Information Science
and Technology, Vol. 57, No. 1, 2006, pp. 36-43. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
Descriptores
: Gestión del conocimiento/Necesidades de
información/Conducta
Resumen:
Knowledge management as a field continues to receive resounding
interest from scholars. While we have made progress in many areas of knowledge
management, we are yet to understand what factors contribute to employee usage
of knowledge artifacts. A field study of 175 employees in a software engineering
organization was conducted to understand factors that govern consumption of
explicit knowledge. We assert that the decision to consume knowledge can be
framed as a problem of risk evaluation. Specifically, there are two sources of
risk a consumer must evaluate prior to knowledge consumption-risk from the
knowledge producer and risk from the knowledge product. We find support for the
factors of perceived complexity, perceived relative advantage, and perceived
risk as they relate to intentions to consuming knowledge.
: Bibliotecas públicas/Estudio de
usuarios/Corea/Asia/Conducta
Resumen:
This study investigates the complaining behavior of 456
public library users in a major city in South Korea and shows that the
complaining behavior model developed in the marketing field can be applied to
public libraries. There were statistically significant relationships between
difficulty of complaining and negative word-of-mouth, and between external
attribution and most of complaint responses. This study suggests that
'perception of free use' is an important variable to explain the complaining
behavior of Korean public library users.
The subject of this article is cognitive segmentation in
translation. Based on experiments carried out in Translog, a keyboard logging
program, significant differences, and also certain similarities, were observed
of cognitive segmentation when data from two different subject groups and text
types were compared. In the translation of a relatively easy text, novice and
professional translators were found to behave fundamentally differently with
respect to the size and nature of cognitive units and the speed with which they
were produced. When faced with a difficult text, the behaviour in both groups
was clearly affected, but some of the differences observed between novice and
professional translators in the translation of the easy text were neutralized in
that the professionals took over many of the features characteristic of the
novices.
26.
Farmer, L., "Aptitudes
d'expression personnelle en matière d'information : Approche d'une réforme
scolaire complète". IFLA Council and General Conference, No.
67, 2001. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla67/papers/019-106f.pdf
Descriptores
: Uso/Información/Estudio de usuarios/Conducta
Resumen:
Actuellement, les étudiants ont plus que jamais besoin de
maîtriser une aptitude à gérer l'information à notre ère numérique. En
particulier, alors que l'information envahit le « cyberspace », souvent de façon
désordonnée, la nécessité pour les étudiants d'accéder à des ressources utiles
et authentiques, ainsi que d'interpréter et d'appliquer ces découvertes, revêt
une importance primordiale.
Se analiza y aborda un estudio de usuarios en torno a cuales
son sus necesidades de información y procedimientos de búsqueda más habituales.
28.
Fidel, R. M. P. A., Cleal, B., and Bruce,
H., "A multidimensional approach to the study of human-information
interaction: A case study of collaborative information retrieval ".
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,
Vol. 55, No. 11, 2004, pp. 939-953. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/108563093/PDFSTART
Descriptores
: Interación hombre-máquina/Recuperación de la
información/Conducta
Resumen:
While most research in the area of human-information behavior
has focused on a single dimension - either the psychological or the social -
this case study demonstrated the importance of a multidimensional approach. The
Cognitive Work Analysis framework guided this field study of one event of
collaborative information retrieval (CIR) carried out by design engineers at
Microsoft, including observations and interviews. Various dimensions explained
the motives for this CIR event and the challenges the participants encountered:
the cognitive dimension, the specific task and decision, the organization of the
teamwork, and the organizational culture. Even though it is difficult at times
to separate one dimension from another, and all are interdependent, the analysis
uncovered several reasons for design engineers to engage in CIR, such as when
they are new to the organization or the team, when the information lends itself
to various interpretations, or when most of the needed information is not
documented. Similar multidimensional studies will enhance our understanding of
human-information behavior.
: Redes neuronales/Recuperación de la información/Entornos
virtuales/Conducta/Orientación a usuarios
Resumen:
Los entornos virtuales permiten un espacio delimitado de
información susceptible de ser utilizado de diferentes formas y por diferentes
individuos, usando herramientas diferentes de navegación y ruta. Por ello, es
necesario conocer los diferentes modelos de usuarios para perfeccionar el
desarrollo de estas instalaciones. La investigación sobre las diferencias
individuales sugiere que la noción de estilo cognitivo puede ser útil en este
proceso. Se han identificado muchos estilos. Sin embargo, se argumenta que el
trabajo sobre estrategias y asociado los estilos de procesamiento de información
prometen facilitar el desarrollo de sistemas adaptables de información. Se
discute el papel de las redes neuronales en el manejo de modelos de usuario. Las
redes neuronales pueden ser útiles en un comportamiento de usuarios
dinámicamente trazando de navegación en las que el usuario las modela para
permitir de generar respuestas adaptables apropiadas. Sin embargo, su capacidad
de aprendizaje puede también ser particularmente útil en el proceso de
implementación del sistema y en el desarrollo acumulativo de modelos de
usuario
: Formación continuada/Profesores/Enseñanza
secundaria/Estudio de usuarios/Conducta
Resumen:
O estudo objetiva descrever as características dos docentes e
identificar os canais e fontes utilizados, assim como os fatores que influenciam
o padrão de comportamento na busca da informação para formação continuada.
Utilizou-se como referencial teórico o modelo de busca de informação de Wilson,
com enfoque nas necessidades cognitivas dos professores, de acordo com o modelo
proposto por Imbernón. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram o questionário
auto-administrado e a entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados mostram que as
fontes mais usadas são os livros didáticos e paradidáticos, além de jornais.
Concluiu-se que as novas tecnologias ainda não são usadas por professores de
educação básica como um recurso cotidiano de apoio à formação continuada, e os
canais de informação mais utilizados são os arquivos pessoais, arquivos dos
colegas e a biblioteca escolar.
: Arquitectura de la información/Sistemas
bibliotecarios/Conducta/Normas
Resumen:
Library systems are a very promising application area for
behavior-based recommender services. By utilizing lending and searching log
files from online public access catalogs through data mining, customer-oriented
service portals in the style of Amazon.com could easily be developed. Reductions
in the search and evaluation costs of documents for readers, as well as an
improvement in customer support and collection management for the librarians,
are some of the possible benefits. In this article, an architecture for
distributed recommender services based on a stochastic purchase incidence model
is presented. Experiences with a recommender service that has been operational
within the scientific library system of the Universität Karlsruhe since June
2002 are described.
32.
Given, L. M., "The academic and
the everyday: Investigating the overlap in mature undergraduates' information
seeking behaviors ". Library & information science
research, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2001, pp. 17-29. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Bibliotecas universitarias/Necesidades de
información/Estudio de usuarios/Conducta
Resumen:
This study uses in-depth qualitative interviews to explore the
information seeking behavior of 25 mature undergraduates at one Canadian
university. It explores the complex interweaving of these students' everyday and
academic information needs in light of Reijo Savolainen's framework for the
study of everyday life information seeking. Findings include the role of social
and cultural capital in these students' information seeking, the diverse ways
that everyday and academic contexts inform one another, and the importance of
not separating the everyday from other life situations in studies of
individuals' information behaviors.
This paper concerns the ubiquitous Back button found in most
Web browsers. First, we outline why Back is an effective method for revisiting
WWW pages: a) It allows rapid return to very recently visited pages, which
comprise the majority of pages a person wishes to return to; b) People can use
it even with a naive model of the way it works; c) People usually keep it on
permanent display because it is visually compact; and d) Back works via a simple
'click until the desired page is recognized' strategy. Second, we investigate
the behavior of Back. The typical stack-based behavior underlying Back is
problematic because some previously seen pages are not reachable through it. To
get around this problem, we offer several alternate behaviors of the Back
button, all based upon a recency model. The advantage of recency is that all
previously seen pages are now available via Back. Because trade-offs exist, we
present both problems and prospects of these different Back behaviors in various
navigational situations.
34.
Gremett, P., "Utilizing a User's
Context to Improve Search Results". Journal of the American Society
for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 57 , No. 6, 2006, pp. 808-812.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
Descriptores
: Usuarios/Búsquedas bibliográficas/Orientación a
usuarios/Comercio electrónico /Interación hombre-máquina/Conducta
Resumen:
Usability evaluations and observations of users shopping at
Amazon.com (http://www.amazon.com) revealed some interesting user
behaviors. The mixed behavior patterns were leveraged to create an interface for
an e-commerce product. The author describes some design practices for providing
a scoped search interface for an e-commerce site.
35.
Griffiths, J. R. and Brophy, P.,
"Student searching behaviour in the JISC Information Environment ".
Ariadne, No. 33, 2002. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue33/edner/
Descriptores
: Búsquedas bibliográficas/Investigación/Conducta
Resumen:
Jill R. Griffiths and Peter Brophy report on work in progress
and initial findings of the Edner project.
The British Life and Internet Project was launched in 2002 to
explore the way people use the Internet in Britain. It will survey people online
throughout each year on a range of topics linked to the use of the Internet. In
the first survey that was conducted, just before Christmas 2002, respondents
were asked a series of questions about their history of involvement with the
Internet and the nature of their online behaviour. The findings indicated that
online technology was used overwhelmingly for sending and receiving e-mails and
for obtaining news and information linked to work and hobbies. Such is the
demand of the Internet on the time of users that many acknowledged reducing the
amount of time they spend on other activities, such as watching television,
reading newspapers, and even going out to do the shopping. The Internet is, for
most of its users, an important interpersonal communications medium, used to
stay in touch and gossip with family and friends.
37.
Hart, R. L., Simmonds, L., and Olson, J.
A., "Laser Printing at Public Workstations: User Behaviors and
Attitudes". Information technology and libraries, Vol. 20, No.
1, 2001, pp. 39-42. http://www.lita.org/ital/2001_hart.html
Descriptores
: Impresoras laser/Estudio de
usuarios/Estudiantes/Conducta
Resumen:
The provision of laser printing may become an increasingly
common but potentially costly change at libraries' public workstations. This
article reports findings from a survey of student library users at Penn State
Erie during the first semester after unlimited, free laser printing was made
available. Students were surveyed on the amount and types of printing that they
did, their attitudes and behaviors toward wasteful printing, and their
willingness to pay for printing. Findings reveal that students' printing was
highly focused on their curricular needs. While students strongly support free
printing, they are also quite sensitive to the issue of wasteful printing.
38.
Havemann, F., Heinz, M., and
Wagner-Döble, R., "Firm-like behavior of journals? Scaling properties
of their output and impact growth dynamics ". Journal of the
American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 56, No. 1,
2005, pp. 3-12. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/109594239/PDFSTART
Descriptores
: Conducta/Impacto/Publicaciones periódicas
Resumen:
In the study of growth dynamics of artificial and natural
systems, the scaling properties of fluctuations can exhibit information on the
underlying processes responsible for the observed macroscopic behavior according
to H.E. Stanley and colleagues (Lee, Amaral, Canning, Meyer, & Stanley,
1998; Plerou, Amaral, Gopikrishnan, Meyer, & Stanley, 1999; Stanley et al.,
1996). With such an approach, they examined the growth dynamics of firms, of
national economies, and of university research fundings and paper output. We
investigated the scaling properties of journal output and impact according to
the Journal Citation Reports (JCR; ISI, Philadelphia, PA) and find distributions
of paper output and of citations near to lognormality. Growth rate distributions
are near to Laplace tents, however with a better fit to Subbotin distributions.
The width of fluctuations decays with size according to a power law. The form of
growth rate distributions seems not to depend on journal size, and conditional
probability densities of the growth rates can thus be scaled onto one graph. To
some extent even quantitatively, all our results are in agreement with the
observations of Stanley and others. Further on, a Matthew effect of journal
citations is confirmed. If journals behave like business firms, a better
understanding of Bradford's Law as a result of competition among publishing
houses, journals, and topics suggests itself.
39.
Heinrichs, J. H. and Jeen-Su Lim,
"Model for organizational knowledge creation and strategic use of information
". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and
Technology, Vol. 56, No. 6, 2005, pp. 620-629. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/109923844/PDFSTART
Descriptores
: Organización del
conocimiento/Modelos/Usabilidad/Conducta
Resumen:
Nimble competitors competing in a dynamic global marketspace
increasingly characterize the current environment faced by many organizations.
Providing the organization's knowledge workers with the tools and technology to
mine information and generate insights has become a key issue facing
organizations. In this study we investigate the potential combined impact of the
use of organizational decision models and competitive intelligence tool
proficiency on knowledge creation and strategic use of information competence.
Regression analysis results show significant main and interaction effects of the
organizational decision models and competitive intelligence tool proficiency on
four identified factors of knowledge creation and strategic use of information
competence: pattern discovery, strategy appraisal, insight generation, and
solution formulation. Organizational implications and future research directions
are discussed.
40.
Heinstrom, J., "Broad
Exploration or Precise Specificity: Two Basic Information Seeking Patterns Among
Students". Journal of the American Society for Information Science
and Technology, Vol. 57, No. 11, 2006, pp. 1440-1450. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
Descriptores
: Necesidades de
información/Interdisciplinariedad/Estudiantes/Conducta
Resumen:
This article investigates whether information seeking patterns
can be related to discipline differences, study approaches, and personality
traits. A quantitative study of 305 master's thesis students' information
behavior found that their information seeking tended to be either exploratory or
precise. Statistical analyses showed that inner traits seemed more influential
than discipline characteristics on information behavior. Exploration or
specificity was manifested in terms of both the level and scope of information
students wished to retrieve and the way they searched for it.
41.
Heinström, J., "Fast surfing,
broad scanning and deep diving: The influence of personality and study approach
on students' information-seeking behavior ". Journal of
Documentation, Vol. 61, No. 2, 2005, pp. 228-247. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/00220410510585205
Descriptores
: Estudio de
usuarios/Estudiantes/Conducta/Finlandia/Necesidades de información
Resumen:
Purpose To explore information behavior from a
psychological perspective by relating information seeking to personality traits
and study approaches. Design/methodology/approach The research
design was quantitative and consisted of statistical analysis of three
questionnaires, i.e. the NEO Five-Factor Inventory measuring personality, the
ASSIST test measuring approaches to studying, and a questionnaire regarding
information behavior. A total of 305 university students who were in the process
of writing a Master's thesis responded to the questionnaires. Findings
Three information-seeking patterns fast surfing, broad scanning and deep
diving emerged from the statistical analyses. Fast surfing could be
related to a surface study approach and emotionality, as well as to low openness
to experience and low conscientiousness. Broad scanning was linked to
extraversion, openness, and competitiveness, whereas deep diving was a search
pattern typical of analytical students with a deep and strategic study approach.
Research limitations/implications The results are based on descriptions of
behaviour, not actual observations. Although the statistical results were
significant, generalisable conclusions would have required more convincing
figures. Further research is recommended in order to explore the three search
styles in other populations and contexts. Originality/value
Information-seeking behaviour has not previously been studied in relation to the
five-factor model, which is regarded as the most modern personality theory to
date. Understanding of the psychological reasons behind different
information-seeking styles is important for a holistic view of information
behavior. These insights are valuable for researchers interested in user
behavior as well as for practitioners like teachers and information
professionals.
42.
Holland, M. P., "Collaborative
Technologies in Inter-University Instruction.". Journal of the
American Society for Information Science, Vol. 47, No. 11, 1996, pp. 857-62.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Enseñanza a
distancia/Cooperación/Presupuestos/Efectividad/Universidades/Biblioteconomía/Documentación/Estudiantes/Conducta/Evaluación
Resumen:
Describes an inter-university graduate library and information
science course developed at the University of Michigan and the University of
Illinois to investigate cost-effective distance independent learning. Highlights
include technology/task fit; instruction and assignments; course evaluation; and
student and faculty course evaluations.
43.
Holsapple, C. W. and Joshi, K. D.,
"A formal knowledge management ontology: Conduct, activities, resources, and
influences ". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science and Technology, Vol. 55, No. 7, 2004, pp. 593-612. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/107630057/PDFSTART
Descriptores
: Gestión del conocimiento/Conducta
Resumen:
This article describes a collaboratively engineered
general-purpose knowledge management (KM) ontology that can be used by
practitioners, researchers, and educators. The ontology is formally
characterized in terms of nearly one hundred definitions and axioms that evolved
from a Delphi-like process involving a diverse panel of over 30 KM practitioners
and researchers. The ontology identifies and relates knowledge manipulation
activities that an entity (e.g., an organization) can perform to operate on
knowledge resources. It introduces a taxonomy for these resources, which
indicates classes of knowledge that may be stored, embedded, and/or represented
in an entity. It recognizes factors that influence the conduct of KM both within
and across KM episodes. The Delphi panelists judge the ontology favorably
overall: its ability to unify KM concepts, its comprehensiveness, and utility.
Moreover, various implications of the ontology for the KM field are examined as
indicators of its utility for practitioners, educators, and researchers.
44.
Hooten, P. A., "Frequency and
functional use of cited documents in information science.". Journal
of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 42, No. 6, 1991, pp.
397-404. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Citas bibliográficas/Indices de citas/Clasificación
bibliográfica/Conducta/Motivaciones
Resumen:
Describes a study which was conducted to examine factors that
could explain the frequency and the nature of use of documents in citing texts
over time. The use of frequently and infrequently cited papers by the authors
who cited them is discussed, and the functional classification schemes used are
explained.
: Estudio de usuarios/World Wide
Web/Internet/Conducta/Búsquedas bibliográficas
Resumen:
This article reviews studies, conducted between 1995 and 2000,
on Web search behavior. These studies reported on children as well as on adults.
Most of the studies on children described their interaction with the Web.
Research on adult searchers focused on describing search patterns, and many
studies investigated effects of selected factors on search behavior, including
information organization and presentation, type of search task, Web experience,
cognitive abilities, and affective states. What distinguishes the research on
adult searchers is the use of multiple data-gathering methods. The research on
Web search behavior reflects researchers' commitment to examine users in their
information environment and exhibits rigor in design and data analysis. However,
many studies lack external validity. Implications of this body of research are
discussed.
46.
Hughes-Hassell, S. and Miller, E.
T., "Las páginas web de bibliotecas públicas dirigidas a adolescentes:
cómo satisfacer las necesidades de los jóvenes de hoy a través de Internet
". Anales de Documentación, Vol. 9, 2006, pp. 165-185. http://www.um.es/fccd/anales/ad09/ad0913.pdf
Descriptores
: Bibliotecas públicas /World wide
web/Adolescentes/Necesidades de información/Internet/Estudio de
usuarios/Conducta
Resumen:
Aunque los adolescentes constituyen aproximadamente una cuarta
parta de los usua-rios de la biblioteca (Departamen
to de Educación de USA, 1995, p. 2)3, sólo el
20% aproximadamente de las bibliotecas públicas han creado páginas web diseñadas específi-camente para satisfacer sus necesidades
(Firestone, 2002). Jones (1997) estudió varias páginas web para adolescentes y
entrevistó a los bibliotecarios que las
crearon para obte-ner una idea de la cantidad y calidad de este tipo de páginas
web en las bibliotecas de todo el país4. Encontró que la mayoría de los
bibliotecarios con los que se había puesto en con-tacto usaban las páginas web
para promover los libros y programas de las bibliotecas dirigidos a los
adolescentes, ofrecer apoyo en temas educativos y de referencia e incluir
enlaces a material de interés para ellos como, por ejemplo, críticas de cine o
de música o a sitios web. Las
páginas web se utilizaban como centros de referencias para apoyo a la educación,
material de actualidad, información local y contenía alguno o todos los cinco
elementos siguientes: reseñas de libros,
enlaces, listas de recursos, información sobre programas y servicios de la
biblioteca
: Ciencias de la salud/Estudio de
usuarios/Internet/Inglaterra/Conducta/Consumo de información
Resumen:
Identifies Internet health user types according to three
factors: site attributes most favoured, health topics most sought, and the
health sites they visited. Knowing what type of consumer uses a site is
important, as this should inform menu structure and provide an understanding of
why certain kinds of people visit certain sites. Web sites even in the same
field will not appeal to all users. Much of this differentiation will come down
to design and feel of the site, although site attributes and information needs
also impact here. Data were obtained from an online questionnaire placed on the
SurgeryDoor Web site, a site which provides consumer health information. In all
a total of 1,068 responses were received. Shows that useful groupings can indeed
be constructed. Users were also classified according to additional health sites
visited, also a preference metric, and this additionally is related to site
attribute preferences, information needs and user
characteristics
48.
Huotari, M.-L. and Chatmanb, E.,
"Using everyday life information seeking to explain organizational behavior
". Library & information science research, Vol. 23, No. 4,
2001, pp. 351-366. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Conducta/Necesidades de información/Empresas
Resumen:
Everyday life information-seeking (ELIS) studies have
previously addressed nonwork or citizens' information needs and seeking. This
article contributes to the theoretical growth of the field by applying Chatman's
small-world theory -a conception of ELIS- and social network theory to explain
organizational behavior. The applicability of these two theories to analyze
human information behavior in strategic value creation is discussed and shown
through the results of an earlier pilot study in higher education. The concepts
of social types, described as insiders and outsiders, worldview, social norms,
information behavior, and trust are invoked. Combined with the concepts of
homogeneity, density, and content from social network theory, Chatman's
small-world theory yields a promising social dimension for a new theory of
strategic information management. However, the conceptual base of the proposed
new theory requires validation by testing in strategic partnerships.
49.
Ibrahim Haruna and Iyabo
Mabawonku, "Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour of Legal
Practitioners and the Challenges to Law Libraries in Lagos, Nigeria ".
International Information and Library Review, Vol. 33, No. 1, 2001 , pp.
69-87. http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/iilr.2000.0160/pdf
Descriptores
: Necesidades de información/Búsquedas
bibliográficas/Conducta/Derecho/Bibliotecas especializadas/Africa/Países en
desarrollo
Resumen:
The paper examines the information needs and seeking behaviour
of lawyers in Lagos, Nigeria. Results reveal that many lawyer is perceived the
need to know the latest decisions of superior courts as their greatest
professional information need. Other expressed needs include knowing recent
legislation, obtaining information on local and international seminars and
conferences, and on acquisition and application of legal 'know-how'. The library
has been identified as the most heavily consulted information source for
job-related information. However, libraries do not fulfill their role in meeting
the information needs of lawyers. Recommendations are made on the basis of the
findings. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
50.
Ikoja-Odongo, R. and Ochollab, D.
N., "Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan
fisher folk of Uganda ". Library & information science
research, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2003, pp. 89-106. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Necesidades de información/Conducta/Africa/Folklore/Países
en desarrollo
Resumen:
This article examines the information needs,
information-seeking behavior, and the impact of information use on artisan
fisher folk and extension agents at three major lakes in Uganda. The findings
reveal that fisher folk require different kinds of information to carry out
fishing activities effectively. The methods they favor for accessing information
are described, and the role of government departments in fisheries information
provision is highlighted. The study recommends what could be done to provide the
fisher folk with information.
: Internet/Marketing /Estudio de
usuarios/Conducta/Consumo/Organizaciones no gubernamentales
Resumen:
Discusses the findings of a study investigating the
attitudes, perceptions and experiences of Scottish non-profit environmental
organisations and the costs and benefits of the Internet as a marketing and
communications tool. Aims to ascertain whether the size of the organisation and
the level of Internet use determines the perceptions and beliefs of non-profit
organisations within the environmental sector in Scotland and whether these
factors also determines the costs and benefits experienced by Internet users.
Finds that regardless of size or the level of use, organisations believe the
Internet is a cost-effective way to market their organisations and promote
awareness. However, attitudinal factors affect the level of use by small
organisations. Overall the organisations within the sample have indicated that
the Internet is a low cost, high benefit marketing solution.
The Government's pledge to connect every school in Britain to
the Internet by 2002 raises many questions. The impact of the Internet in
schools is studied from the perspective of teachers, who are responsible for
equipping children with Internet skills. It focuses on the experiences of junior
schoolteachers, responsible for the children's development in all subjects.
Teachers' views were sought through questionnaires and interviews. The results
suggest that most are very positive towards the Internet. Almost all felt that
it would be a useful tool in education, with over two-thirds hailing its use as
an essential skill. However, a number of problems were highlighted, such as
inadequate training, limited facilities and lack of government support. Concern
was also expressed over the dominance of the Internet when other information
resources, such as books and CD ROMs, may be more appropriate.
54.
Jaeger, P. T. and Thompson, K. M.,
"Social information behavior and the democratic process: Information poverty,
normative behavior, and electronic government in the United States ".
Library & information science research, Vol. 26 , No. 1, 2004, pp.
94-107 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Gobierno electronico/Conducta/Democracia/Aspecto
social/Estados Unidos/Publicaciones oficiales
Resumen:
Electronic government (e-government) is the provision of
government information and services through the Internet to citizens and
businesses and among government agencies. This electronic manifestation of
government offers new levels of access to government information and services.
However, if e-government usage is limited in certain segments of society, it is
not achieving its egalitarian potential. Understanding reasons why people do not
use e-government will facilitate the development of a more inclusive
e-government that better fulfills its potential to deliver information to all
citizens and increase participation in the democratic process. Two phenomena of
information behavior, information poverty and normative behavior, may help
explain why certain groups do not use e-government information. This article
offers suggestions on how these concepts of information behavior can contribute
to the e-government research agenda.
: Motores de búsqueda/Búsquedas
bibliográficas/Conducta/Recuperación de la información
Resumen:
The use of data stored in transaction logs of Web search
engines, Intranets, and Web sites can provide valuable insight into
understanding the information-searching process of online searchers. This
understanding can enlighten information system design, interface development,
and devising the information architecture for content collections. This article
presents a review and foundation for conducting Web search transaction log
analysis. A methodology is outlined consisting of three stages, which are
collection, preparation, and analysis. The three stages of the methodology are
presented in detail with discussions of goals, metrics, and processes at each
stage. Critical terms in transaction log analysis for Web searching are defined.
The strengths and limitations of transaction log analysis as a research method
are presented. An application to log client-side interactions that supplements
transaction logs is reported on, and the application is made available for use
by the research community. Suggestions are provided on ways to leverage the
strengths of, while addressing the limitations of, transaction log analysis for
Web-searching research. Finally, a complete flat text transaction log from a
commercial search engine is available as supplementary material with this
manuscript.
56.
Johns, S. and Lawson, K.,
"University undergraduate students and library-related privacy
issues". Library & information science research, Vol. 27,
No. 3, 2005, pp. 485-495. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Estudiantes/Bibliotecas universitarias/Conducta
Resumen:
New technologies increase the ability to capture and retrieve
data about library usage patterns and users. Collecting, analyzing, and using
patron data, however, may raise concerns among library users about their online
privacy and how the data collected might be used to their advantage or
disadvantage. This article examines undergraduate students' knowledge and
perceptions of online privacy issues, their opinions regarding who should
collect and retain information about them, for what purposes, and under what
circumstances.
57.
Johns, S. and Lawson, K.,
"University undergraduate students and library-related privacy issues
". Library & information science research, Vol. 27, No. 4,
2005, pp. 485-495 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
:
Estudiantes/Enseñanza de
postgrado/Conducta/Bibliotecas
Resumen:
New technologies increase the ability to capture and retrieve
data about library usage patterns and users. Collecting, analyzing, and using
patron data, however, may raise concerns among library
: Préstamo
interbibliotecario/Consorcios/Gestión de la colección/Adquisición
cooperativa/Estadísticas/España/Conducta
Resumen:
Purpose - This paper aims to show the impact of consortia
purchased periodical publications on document supply services. These services
have undergone considerable changes over the last five years, first decreasing
but now recovering. Design/methodology/approach - First, this paper reviews the
most recent specialised literature, focusing mainly on the impact of electronic
journals in libraries, their effects, and proposed actions. Second, as an
example of this new behaviour, presents the document supply service data, as
collected in one hospital's health-science library in the last four years.
Findings - As evidenced by the literature, the users' acceptance of electronic
journals has undoubtedly been excellent. Consortia purchasing projects have
become a basic tool that expand collections, support cooperative technological
development, and require negotiating skills from librarians. But these mass
purchases do not seem to be the ideal solution for libraries, they entail losing
freedom when choosing the collection and often make library collections
homogeneous by publisher. Originality/value - Reflects on what possible causes
have led to the current situation and the current way to manage the
collection.
59.
Julien, H., McKechnie, L. E. F., and
Harta, S., "Affective issues in library and information science systems
work: A content analysis ". Library & information science
research, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2005, pp. 453-466. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Conducta/Biblioteconomía/Recursos humanos
Resumen:
Increasing attention to affective issues is evident in human
information behavior work in library and information science (LIS) as well as in
a wide range of other disciplines. However, it is questionable whether the LIS
systems-oriented literature reflects any serious interest in affective issues
such as emotion or confidence, as these affect information behavior. This study
analyzes systems work in LIS to determine the relative interest in affective
issues being shown. Content analysis of articles published between 1999 and 2003
indicates that systems work in LIS pays little attention to affective variables.
In addition, insufficient intellectual access to affective issues is provided by
the primary indexing services.
60.
Juliena, H., McKechnie, L. E. F., and
Harta, S., "Affective issues in library and information science systems
work: A content analysis ". Library & information science
research, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2005, pp. 453-466. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Análisis del contenido/Documentación/Conducta
Resumen:
Increasing attention to affective issues is evident in human
information behavior work in library and information science (LIS) as well as in
a wide range of other disciplines. However, it is questionable whether the LIS
systems-oriented literature reflects any serious interest in affective issues
such as emotion or confidence, as these affect information behavior. This study
analyzes systems work in LIS to determine the relative interest in affective
issues being shown. Content analysis of articles published between 1999 and 2003
indicates that systems work in LIS pays little attention to affective variables.
In addition, insufficient intellectual access to affective issues is provided by
the primary indexing services.
61.
Kayani, J. M., "Contexts of
uninhibited online behavior : flaming in social newsgroup on Usenet".
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 49, No. 12,
1998, pp. 1135-1141. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Tecnologías de la información/Conducta/Aspecto
social/Correo electrónico
Resumen:
Investigación del comportamiento en comunicaciónes por medio
del ordenador (Computer mediated communication CMC) El estudio analiza mensajes
enviados durante una semana al grupo de noticias USENET que representan a
diferentes grupos nacionales y culturales
62.
Kim, H. J., "Motivations for
hyperlinking in scholarly electronic articles: a qualitative study".
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 51, No. 10,
2000, pp. 887-899 . http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
El propósito principal del estudio era identificar las
motivaciones que llevaban a establecer hiperenlaces en artículos publicados en
revistas electrónicas. Para ello se encuestó a cinco profesores y estudiantes de
tercer ciclo de la Indiana University que habían publicado por lo menos un
artículo electrónico conteniendo por lo menos uno hiperenlance externo. Mediante
una serie de entrevistas cualitativas, se recogieron 19 motivaciones
diferentes, y se establecieron tres grupos de motivaciones -científicas,
sociales, y tecnológicas -. La mayoría de los enlaces eran atribuidos por los
autores a una o más de una motivación . Los resultados de este
estudio demostran que los investigadores usan los hiperenlaces para una amplia
variedad de propósitos, y que su comportamiento frecuentemente se debe a un
complejo número de motivaciones.
: Bibliotecas universitarias/Necesidades de
información/Revistas electrónicas /Uso/Conducta
Resumen:
University libraries are rapidly moving toward electronic
journal collections. Readership surveys at three universities with different
levels of electronic journal implementation demonstrate how transition to
electronic journal collections affects use patterns of faculty and staff. The
University of Tennessee was in a transitional phase when the survey was done
(2000), the University of Pittsburgh had acquired a large electronic journal
collection, but with some duplication with print journals (2003), and Drexel
University had migrated to nearly all electronic journals (2002). Although
faculty use of personal print subscriptions remains significant, electronic
personal subscriptions are used only infrequently by faculty even though this is
an option available to them. On the other hand, electronic journal use is very
high when available in library collections. Twenty-five year trends of reading
by university scientists show substantial increases in average amount of reading
with nearly all of this increase coming from library collections. The likely
increase in reading from library collections is due in part to a decline in
personal subscriptions and increased online bibliographic searching coupled with
increased availability of the library collections and, recently, enlarged
electronic journal collections. Scientists appear to be more advanced in their
use of electronic journals than other faculty, but changes are taking place
within all faculty disciplines.
64.
Kwasitsu, L.,
"Information-seeking behavior of design, process, and manufacturing
engineers". Library & information science research, Vol.
25, No. 4, 2003, pp. 459-476 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Necesidades de información/Conducta/Ingenieria
Resumen:
This article discusses the information sources used by design,
process, and manufacturing engineers in an international microchip manufacturing
company, and the characteristics that influence their information source
selection and use. Findings differ from previous research in three ways. First,
there was a significant difference in these engineers' information behavior.
Second, the higher the engineers' level of education, the less likely they were
to depend on their personal memories as sources of information, and the more
likely they were to rely on libraries. Third, the higher the level of engineers'
education, the less likely they were to consider 'personal mastery' (information
tool mastery) as a source influencer. This article explores disciplinary
differences in academic Web-site interlinking using the university departments
of chemistry, psychology, and history. Research has suggested that Web-link
counts are related to research productivity and geographic distance between
source and target, but no previous Webometric studies have comparatively
analyzed academic departments from different disciplines. This study shows large
differences in Web use by discipline for both Web-site size and the extent of
interlinking, with the history department making little use of the Web and the
chemistry department the most. There are significant correlations between
in-links and research impact for the psychology and chemistry departments, with
a stronger association for the psychology department. There was little evidence,
however, of a geographic trend in interlinking.
65.
Kwong Bor Ng , "Toward a
theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between situated action
and planned action models of behavior in information retrieval contexts:
contributions from phenomenology ". Information Processing &
Management, Vol. 38, No. 5, 2001, pp. 613-626. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03064573
Descriptores
: Conducta/Información/Modelos
Resumen:
In human¯computer interaction (HCI), a successful interaction
sequence can take its own momentum and drift away from what the user has
originally planned. However, this does not mean that planned actions play no
important role in the overall performance. In this paper, the author tries to
construct a line of argument to demonstrate that it is impossible to consider an
action without an a priori plan, even according to the phenomenological position
taken for granted by the situated action theory. Based on the phenomenological
analysis of problematic situations and typification the author argues that, just
like 'situated-ness', 'planned-ness' of an action should also be understood in
the context of the situation. Successful plan can be developed and executed for
familiar context. The first part of the paper treats information seeking
behavior as a special type of social action and applies Alfred Schutz's
phenomenology of sociology to understand the importance and necessity of plan.
The second part reports results of a quasi-experiment focusing on plan deviation
within an information seeking context. It was found that when the searcher's
situation changed from problematic to non-problematic, the degree of plan
deviation decreased significantly. These results support the argument proposed
in the first part of the paper.
: Niños /Internet/Conducta/Tipología de la
traducción
Resumen:
Purpose - A common criticism of research into information
seeking on the internet is that information seekers are restricted by the
demands of the researcher. Another criticism is that the search topics, are
often imposed by the researcher, and; particularly when working with children,
domain knowledge could be as important as information-seeking skills. The
research reported here attempts to address both these problems.
Design/methodology/approach - A total of 15 children, aged 11 to 16, were each
set three "think aloud" internet searches. In the first, they were asked to
recall the last time they had sought information on the internet, and to repeat
the search. For the second, they were given a word, asked to interpret it, then
asked to search for their interpretation. For the third, they were asked to
recall the last time they had been unsuccessful in a search, and to repeat the
search. While performing each task, the children were encouraged to explain
their actions. Findings - The paper finds that the factors that determined a
child's ability to search successfully appeared to be: the amount of experience
the child had of using the internet; the amount of guidance, both from adults
and from peers; and the child's ability to explore the virtual environment, and
to use the tools available for so doing. Originality/value - Many of the
searches performed by participants in this paper were not related to schoolwork,
and so some of the search approaches differed from those taught by teachers.
Instead, they evolved through exploration and exchange of ideas. Further studies
of this sort could provide insights of value to designers of web
environments.
67.
McGregora, J. H. and Williamsonb,
K., "Appropriate use of information at the secondary school level:
Understanding and avoiding plagiarism ". Library & information
science research, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2005, pp. 496-512. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
:
Plagios/Enseñanza
secundaria/Conducta
Resumen:
This study explores students' understanding of plagiarism and
their information use practices. Based on earlier findings regarding students'
orientation toward processes and the degree of plagiarism exhibited, it analyses
four cases in a new Australian study of Year 11 students. The two students who
plagiarized least are compared with the two who plagiarized most in an ancient
history assignment. Those who plagiarized most were less engaged with their
topics; remembered less about them a month later; demonstrated less interest in
processes such as learning, seeking meaning, or understanding; and were less
able to recognize plagiarism than did those who plagiarized least. Those who
plagiarized least incorporated direct quotations more effectively, used fewer
quotations, and synthesized information and ideas better than did the others.
Learning experiences that emphasize student engagement and construction of
knowledge through appropriate and effective information use should take
precedence over attempts to detect plagiarism without providing alternatives.
68.
McKenzie, P. J., "Communication
barriers and information-seeking counterstrategies in accounts of
practitioner-patient encounters ". Library & information
science research, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2001, pp. 31-47. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Necesidades de información/Conducta
Resumen:
Although practitioner-patient communication has been studied in
several disciplines, few researchers have applied library and information
science perspectives to this form of everyday life information seeking. This
article reports findings from in-depth, semistructured interviews with pregnant
women and uses a constructionist discourse analytic approach to analyze pregnant
women's accounts of practitioner-patient information-seeking encounters. The
analysis focuses on accounts of communication barriers and on the active seeking
and scanning practices that participants described as counterstrategies. This
article also reports on the ways that descriptions of barriers and
counterstrategies contribute to individuals' representations of themselves as
information seekers.
69.
Meadow, C. T. and and others,
"A Study of User Performance and Attitudes with Information Retrieval
Interfaces.". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science, Vol. 46, No. 7, 1995, pp. 490-505 . http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Recuperación de la información/Sistemas de
información/Evaluación/Búsquedas bibliográficas/Usuarios/Análisis
comparativos/Conducta/Entrevistas/Búsquedas bibliográficas
Resumen:
Reports on a study that compared the behavior of two types of
users (search specialists and subject matter specialists with no search
experience) with two types of online information retrieval interfaces, including
DIALOG. Highlights include data recording via transaction logs, structured
interviews, and focus group discussions; and hypothesis testing.
This study investigates the information needs and
information-seeking behavior of rural women residing in three non-urban villages
in Botswana. The total population of the study was divided into two groups,
opinion leaders and women residing in the three villages. The women residing in
the villages were either single heads of households or married. The family
situations that led them to seek information included health, agriculture,
employment, family violence, and basic needs for the family. In addition, the
women needed information on government aided funding, welfare subsidies and
policies, and training. The sources of information used included village nurses,
community welfare officers, traditional doctors, other women in the villages,
village chiefs, and agricultural demonstrators.
71.
Nahl, D., "Learning the Internet
and the structure of information behavior". Journal of the American
Society for Information Science, Vol. 49, No. 11, 1998, pp. 1017-1023. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
La investigación del uso de Internet conlleva una medición de
usuarios y un nuevo tema de investigación a través de una metodologa de
medición, experimental y etnográfico. Existe una investigación de usuarios
basada en categoras de los dominios cognictivo y afectivo. El comportamiento de
la información tiene también un componente afectivo que influye también en la
dirección de los procesos cognictivos a través de los fines jerárquicos de la
organización, caracterizado por un componente de tipo individual y cultural. La
investigación de la interación hombre-máquina implica una metodologa basada en
el usuario para el diseño de sistema e instrucción que determine una
integración afectiva y cognictiva para incrementar la productividad, creatividad
y desarrollo humano.
72.
Nahl, D. and Tenopir, C.,
"Affective and Cognitive Searching Behavior of Novice End-Users of a
Full-Text Database.". Journal of the American Society for
Information Science, Vol. 47, No. 4, 1996, pp. 276-86. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Recuperación a texto completo/Búsquedas
bibliográficas/Usuarios/Bibliotecas universitarias/Conducta/Psicología
cognitiva/Universidades/Motivation/Publicaciones periódicas/Satisfacción de
usuarios
Resumen:
Describes a study that examined novice online searchers in an
academic library as they used a full-text magazine article database on DIALOG.
Purposes and motivations for using the database are discussed; affective,
cognitive, and sensorimotor search behaviors are examined; and satisfaction with
the results are considered.
: Documentos electrónicos/Conducta/Investigadores
/Sociedad de la información/India/Países en desarrollo
Resumen:
The paper seeks to examine the use of electronic information
services (EIS) among the users of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Library in Delhi, India. Design/methodology/approach Both questionnaire
and observational methods were used for data collection where 300 valid samples
were collected. The analysis of data collected covers awareness of EIS services,
use of e-journals, advanced search facilities, acquaintance with electronic
information sources, the purpose of using e-information, problems faced by the
users while using EIS, infrastructure facility available and satisfaction level
of users. Findings The study found that Boolean logic and truncation are
the most often used search facilities by IIT users. Lack of printing facilities,
terminals and trained staff are the major reasons that would discourage users
from accessing the EIS. The survey also reveals that some 60 per cent of users
face difficulties while browsing e-information. Originality/value The
paper provides suggestions for the further improvement of EIS to fulfill the
information needs and requirements of users at the IIT Library, Delhi.
: Ciencias de la salud/Estudio de
usuarios/Internet/Inglaterra/Conducta
Resumen:
In the UK, both anecdotal and research evidence points to ever
greater and more sophisticated use of the Web to provide health information and
advice. The study reported here adds to this research with an online survey of
Internet users' reported use of the Web to access information about health and
their opinions about the advice that can be obtained there. Over a period of
three weeks more than 1,300 people responded to an online questionnaire produced
by The British Life and Internet Project; 81 per cent or 997 of the respondents
were British. The prime purpose of the questionnaire was to obtain information
on the characteristics of the users of health information Web sites, to obtain
feedback regarding for what they used online health sites and what were the
perceived outcomes associated with using online health information.
: Revistas electrónicas /Comunicación
científica/Conducta/Estudio de usuarios
Resumen:
Purpose - This article presents the early findings of an
exploratory deep log analysis of journal usage on OhioLINK, conducted as part of
the MaxData project funded by the US Institute of Museum and Library Services.
OhioLINK, the original "big deal", provides a single digital platform of nearly
6,000 full-text journal for more than 600,000 people in the state of Ohio. The
purpose of the paper is not only to present findings from the deep log analysis
of journal usage on OhioLINK, but, arguably more importantly, to try test a new
method of analysing online information user behaviour - deep log analysis.
Design/methodology/approach - The raw server logs were obtained for the period
June 2004 to December 2004. For this exploratory study one month (October) of
the on-campus usage logs and seven months of the off-campus transaction logs
were analysed. Findings - During this period approximately 1,215,000 items were
viewed on campus in October 2004 and 1,894,000 items viewed off campus between
June and December 2004. The paper presents a number of usage analyses including:
number of journals used, titles of journals used, use over time, a returnee
analysis and a special analysis of subject, date and method of access. Practical
implications - The research findings help libraries evaluate the efficiency of
big deal and one-stop shopping for scholarly journals and also investigate their
users' information seeking behaviours. Originality/value - The research is a
part of efforts to test the applications of a new methodology, deep log
analysis, for use and user studies. It also represents the most substantial
independent analysis of, possibly, the most important and significant of the
journal big deals ever conducted.
76.
Nicholas, D., Dobrowolski, T., Withey,
R., Russell, C., Huntington, P., and Williams , P., "Digital
information consumers, players and purchasers: information seeking behaviour in
the new digital interactive environment ". Aslib Proceedings,
Vol. 55, No. 1-2, 2003, pp. 23-31. http://ejournals.ebsco.com/direct.asp?ArticleID=QTMB63P9C3F42XBJAY1K
Descriptores
: Documentos electrónicos/Consumo/Conducta/Impacto/Estudio
de usuarios
Resumen:
Sketches the key characteristics of the newly information
enfranchised general public (the digital information consumers). Portrays the
digital consumer as all-conquering/powerful, short on attention, promiscuous,
untrusting and - above all - interested in speed of delivery. Argues for a
fundamental re-think of the concept of the information 'user'. The Web, search
engines etc. are creating a level-playing field and a homogeneity which results
in academics behaving more like the general consumer and the general consumer
behaving more like an academic. Considers the overall outcomes and benefits of
information acquisition.
: Mineria de datos/World wide web/Ciencias de la
salud/Consumo/Conducta/Consumo de información
Resumen:
The authors propose improved ways of analysing web server log
files. Traditionally web site statistics focus on giving a big (and shallow)
picture analysis based on all transaction log entries. The pictures are,
however, distorted because of the problems associated with resolving Internet
protocol (IP) numbers to a single user and cross-border IP registration. The
authors argue that analysing extracted sub-groups and categories presents a more
accurate picture of the data and that the analysis of the online behaviour of
selected individuals (rather than of very large groups) can add much to our
understanding of how people use web sites and, indeed, any digital information
source. The analysis is labelled `micro' to distinguish it from traditional
macro, big picture transactional log analysis. The methods are illustrated with
recourse to the logs of the Surgery Door (www.surgerydoor.co.uk)
consumer health web site. It was found that use attributed to academic users
gave a better approximation of the sites' geographical distribution of users
than an analysis based on all users. This occurs as academic institutions,
unlike other user types, register in their host country. Selecting log entries
where each user is allocated a unique IP number can be particularly beneficial,
especially to analyses of returnees. Finally the paper tracks the online
behaviour of a small number of IP numbers, in an example of the application of
microanalysis.
: Ciencias de la salud/Estudio de
usuarios/Internet/Inglaterra/Conducta
Resumen:
In the UK, both anecdotal and research evidence points to ever
greater and more sophisticated use of the Web to provide health information and
advice. The study reported here adds to this research with an online survey of
Internet users' reported use of the Web to access information about health and
their opinions about the advice that can be obtained there. Over a period of
three weeks more than 1,300 people responded to an online questionnaire produced
by The British Life and Internet Project; 81 per cent or 997 of the respondents
were British. The prime purpose of the questionnaire was to obtain information
on the characteristics of the users of health information Web sites, to obtain
feedback regarding for what they used online health sites and what were the
perceived outcomes associated with using online health information.
Evaluates, through deep log analysis, the impact of 'Big Deal'
agreements on the online searching behaviour of users of the Emerald digital
library Web site, which provides access to more than 150 journals in the fields
of business and information science. The purpose of the evaluation was to map
the online information seeking behaviour of the digital library user and to see
whether those signed-up to a Big Deal arrangement behaved any differently from
the others. In general they did. The real surprise proved to be the strong
consumer traits of the library's users. Research reported here refers to the
first stage of a three-stage research project.
This study investigates the influences of the antecedent
factors on the complaints and resulting behaviors of 582 university library
users in South Korea. There were statistically significant relationships between
personal norms and negative word of mouth and indirect voice behaviors, between
service importance and negative word-of-mouth behavior, and between perceived
severity of dissatisfaction and most of the specific complaint
responses.
81.
Oluic Vukovic, V., "Journal
productivity distribution: quantitative study of dynamic behavior.".
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 43, No. 6,
1992, pp. 412-21. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Estadística/Publicaciones
periódicas/Ciencia/Bibliometría/Indices de citas/Conducta
Resumen:
Reports on a study that examined the behavior of the journal
productivity distribution curve over time using bibliographic references for
research reports in chemistry and physics by Croatian authors over a 10-year
period. Data characteristics of interest are described; and results regarding
one-year distributions, changes in data characteristics, and distribution curve
behavior are discussed.
82.
Ondrusek, A. L., "The attributes
of research on end-user online searching behavior: A retrospective review and
analysis ". Library & information science research, Vol.
26, No. 2, 2004, pp. 221-265 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Estudio de usuarios/Conducta
Resumen:
A total of 163 studies examining end-user behaviors (as
reported in 175 individual articles) were selected and analyzed for their
research attributes. From the earliest identified study to those conducted
before the end of 2000, recurring themes emerged, as did characteristics unique
to particular studies. The majority of researchers employed nonexperimental
quantitative data collection methods. However, a select group of qualitative
studies and a few experimental investigations also were identified. Research
designs combining multiple methodologies were the norm. The variables prevalent
across studies were broadly classified into a typology under end-user traits,
system attributes, organizational setting, task and request characteristics,
performance outcomes and obstacles, and results measures. The specific behaviors
that researchers concentrated upon most often were the end-users' searching
techniques, relevance judgments about information they found, satisfaction with
search results, and prior knowledge brought to bear on online searching
assignments. Also examined were trends in publishing, geographic locations of
field sites, databases selected for searching activities, and the
characteristics of searcher cohorts.
: Estudio de usuarios/Consumo
cultural/Farmacia/Industria/Bibliometría/Cuestionario/Conducta
Resumen:
Continuando el estudio sobre el consumo de información de la
industria farmacéutica, se exponen en este artículo los principales resultados
del análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos con un cuestionario dirigido a
los laboratorios farmacéuticos ubicados en la Comunidad de Madrid, con la
finalidad de recabar información sobre las necesidades y hábitos de información
de este colectivo industrial. Para la realización del estudio estadístico se
procedió al establecimiento de tipologías de encuestados, a la vez que de
empresas atendiendo a diferentes parámetros como la actividad principal
desarrollada dentro de la Comunidad de Madrid, el volumen de plantilla de las
empresas, la nacionalidad de las mismas o la utilización de servicios de
información.
84.
Parka, S., Leeb, J. H., and Baeb, H.
J., "End user searching: A Web log analysis of NAVER, a Korean Web
search engine ". Library & information science research,
Vol. 27, No. 2, 2005, pp. 203-221 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Estudio de usuarios/Motores de
búsqueda/Evaluación/Conducta
Resumen:
Transaction logs of NAVER, a major Korean Web search
engine, were analyzed to track the information-seeking behavior of Korean Web
users. These transaction logs include more than 40 million queries collected
over 1 week. This study examines current transaction log analysis methodologies
and proposes a method for log cleaning, session definition, and query
classification. A term definition method which is necessary for Korean
transaction log analysis is also discussed. The results of this study show that
users behave in a simple way: they type in short queries with a few query terms,
seldom use advanced features, and view few results' pages. Users also behave in
a passive way: they seldom change search environments set by the system. It is
of interest that users tend to change their queries totally rather than adding
or deleting terms to modify the previous queries. The results of this study
might contribute to the development of more efficient and effective Web search
engines and services.
85.
Passos, M. d. L. R. d. F.,
"Análise Funcional do Comportamento, Lingüística Estrutural e Alfabetização
". DataGramaZero: Revista de Ciência da Informação, Vol. 4, No.
4, 2003. http://www.dgz.org.br/out03/Art_02.htm
Descriptores
: Alfabetización/Conducta
Resumen:
Este artigo busca integrar conhecimentos de análise funcional
do comportamento e da lingüística estrutural que sejam relevantes para a tarefa
da alfabetização. Esta é considerada na dupla dimensão de instalação de
correspondência entre sinais escritos e fala e de compreensão da fala produzida.
São examinadas algumas das dificuldades colocadas pela irregularidade das
relações entre sistema de escrita e fala e pela posição privilegiada da língua
padrão nos textos escritos.
86.
Pedrero, A., Fuente, P. d. l.,
Villarroel, M., and Vegas, J., "Estudio comparativo del contenido de
presentaciones personalizadas de usuario". Jornadas de Bibliotecas
Digitales, Vol. 4, 2003 . http://imhotep.unizar.es/jbidi/jbidi2003/10_2003.pdf
Descriptores
: Conducta/Usuarios/Bibliotecas digitales/Orientación a
usuarios
Resumen:
El estudio del comportamiento del usuario es un mecanismo
que permite obtener algunas características sobre el mismo (preferencias, nivel
de conocimiento, etc). En ocasiones, esta información es utilizada para inferir
nuevas características que ayuden a unirlo a grupos de usuarios con un
comportamiento similar (utilizando métodos probabilísticos, sistemas basados en
reglas). La mayor parte de estos sistemas se basan en el análisis del contenido
de la información visualizada. Los sistemas de recomendación se basan en
estudios de este tipo para proponer nuevos items de información a presentar al
usuario. En este trabajo se presenta un enfoque diferente en el que se estudia
no el contenido de la información, sino los distintos elementos de información
que aparecen en la interfaz, así como la ubicación de los mismos. Para ello se
comparan las interfaces personalizadas por los usuarios que acceden a una
biblioteca de cuadros de arte. Partiendo de esta comparación, se pretende
encontrar similitudes entre los distintos usuarios a partir de sus interfaces.
: Revistas electrónicas /Necesidades de
información/Conducta
Resumen:
Consortium of Swiss Academic Libraries: Facts &
Figures. What do Users Need to Access Electronic Information? Assessing End-User
Requirements. Products Currently Offered / Providers. Presentation of E-Journals
to End-User. Introduction of New Products. Is the Consortium Meeting the
End-Users Needs?
: Servicios de información
bibliográfica/Normas/Conducta/Evaluación
Resumen:
Most of the literature on the evaluation of reference services
has been concerned with the factual accuracy of librarian responses to user
queries. Many studies have been conducted to determine if patrons are receiving
'correct' information from librarians. As has been well-reported in the
reference literature, we collectively succeed according to this measure of
service quality only slightly more than one-half of the time. However, these
studies do not take into account the complex librarian/patron interaction during
the reference process
La letteratura professionale sui furti in biblioteca, della
quale questa rubrica si era interessata alcuni anni or sono (febbraio 1994, p.
48-53), si è arricchita notevolmente, a conferma che antichi timori, appetiti,
indifferenze, a seconda dei punti di vista, hanno imparato a galleggiare sopra i
mutamenti organizzativi e sopra la tecnologia. Nel frattempo il pubblico ha
acquisito una maturità maggiore? È una questione individuale: se alcuni
maturano, altri rimangono inalterati e nuove persone entrano in un circolo
che si rinnova sempre. Forse c'è una maggiore consapevolezza dei problemi, ma
questo non ne elimina certamente l'esistenza. Non è recente uno studio di Marcel
C. Obiaguche, nell'esaminare l'uso del materiale in due biblioteche
universitarie.
: Conducta/Acceso a la
información/Visualización/Comunicación
Resumen:
Much of the lives of most of us is spent browsing. We browse as
naturally as we breathe. Babies browse their surroundings as soon as they open
their eyes for the first time. We browse when we enter a room full of strangers,
for someone who looks approachable or interesting; we browse when we are
confronted with new scenery, for attractive or exciting views; we browse as we
overhear conversations, in the chance of hearing something new; we browse when
we go into shops. Most of this is unconscious, or at best semi-conscious; for
information-seeking in its broadest sense is a fundamental characteristic of
mankind, which advanced by accessing and processing information, most of it
initially not deliberately sought. We may be looking for material things, but
first information about them and where they are is needed. Even when we seek
specific information, and know how to do so - when we are researching, though we
may not call it that - we browse; for as we search we explore, we keep our eyes
and ears open. Some of the major discoveries have been due to browsing on the
part of minds that are both open to receive information and prepared to
recognise usefulness when it appears.
: Estudio de
usuarios/Conducta/Investigación/Investigadores/Argentina/Ciencias
sociales/Humanidades/Acceso a la información
Resumen:
Se expone una investigación que intenta responder a dos
cuestiones: ¿es correcto transferir las conclusiones de los estudios de usuarios
en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales llevados a cabo en los países anglosajones al
medio universitario argentino que presenta realidades diferentes, tiene
ambientes organizacionales distintos y sistemas y servicios bibliotecarios menos
desarrollados? Y, si a pesar de las disimilitudes de recursos, existe un
sustrato común que tipifica al investigador en Humanidades y en Ciencias
Sociales respecto de sus actividades de acceso a la información, sus
preferencias y sus necesidades informativas, independientemente del lugar donde
desarrolle sus tareas y de las facilidades materiales de las que disponga. A
partir de los problemas planteados se fijó como objetivo establecer perfiles,
modalidades de acceso y preferencias en la utilización de la información de los
investigadores en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de la Facultad de Filosofía y
Letras (UBA). Una vez hecho esto, comprobar similitudes y diferencias con los
resultados de investigaciones similares efectuadas, principalmente, en los
paises anglosajones. Se utilizó una metodología que combinó encuestas,
entrevistas y análisis de citas. Los resultados llevan a concluir que, en primer
lugar, no existen diferencias sustanciales en la conducta informativa de los
investigadores de ambas áreas entre sí, ni tampoco marcadas disimilitudes con la
que se ha descrito en otros paises; por lo tanto, las dos hipótesis iniciales se
han visto confirmadas por los resultados de este estudio.
92.
Rose, D. E., "Reconciling
Information-Seeking Behavior With Search User Interfaces for the Web".
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,
Vol. 57, No. 6, 2006, pp. 797-799. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
User interfaces of Web search engines reflect attributes of the
underlying tools used to create them, rather than what we know about how people
look for information. In this article, the author examines several
characteristics of user search behavior: the variety of information-seeking
goals, the cultural and situational context of search, and the iterative nature
of the search task. An analysis of these characteristics suggests ways that
interfaces can be redesigned to make searching more effective for
users.
93.
Rowlands, I. and Nicholas, D.,
"Scholarly communication in the digital environment: The 2005 survey of
journal author behaviour and attitudes ". Aslib Proceedings,
Vol. 57, No. 6, 2005, pp. 481-497. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/00012530510634226
Descriptores
: Comunicación científica/Publicaciones
periódicas/Conducta/Estudio de usuarios/Revistas electrónicas
Resumen:
Purpose This paper aims to make a substantial
contribution to the ongoing debate about the potential of open access publishing
and institutional repositories to reform the scholarly communication system. It
presents the views of senior authors on these issues and contextualises them
within the broader framework of their journal publishing behaviour and
preferences. Design/methodology/approach A highly representative online
opinion survey of more than five and half thousand journals authors, building on
an earlier (January 2004) benchmarking study carried out by CIBER.
Findings Senior researchers are rapidly becoming more informed about open
access publishing and institutional repositories but are still a long way off
reaching a consensus on the likelihood that these new models will challenge the
existing order, nor are they in agreement whether this would be a positive or a
negative development. Disciplinary culture and, to a less extent, regional
location are key determinants of author attitudes and any policy response should
avoid "one-size-fits-all" solutions. Research limitations/implications
This survey reflects the opinions of senior corresponding authors who have
recently published in a "top" (i.e. ISI-indexed journal) with 95 per cent
confidence. The findings should not be generalised to represent the views of all
authors in all journals, open access or otherwise. Originality/value The
journal publishing sector is facing enormous challenges and opportunities as
content increasingly migrates to the web. The value of this research is that it
provides an objective, non-partisan, assessment of the attitudes and opinions of
more than 5,000 senior researchers, a key stakeholder group, and thus
contributes both to the development of public policy as well as more realistic
commercial strategies. Keywords: Communication, Journal publishers, Publishing,
Surveys
: Fuentes de información/Internet/Evaluación
/Conducta/Usuarios/Documentos electrónicos/Bibliotecas universitarias
Resumen:
Jenny Rowley, JISC Scientific Advisor, reports on a JISC
research framework that monitors and maps the development of user behaviour with
electronic information resources in UK higher education.
95.
Savolainen, R., "Information Use
as Gap-Bridging: the Viewpoint of Sense-Making Methodology".
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,
Vol. 57, No. 8, 2006, pp. 1116-1125. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
Descriptores
: Uso/Conducta
Resumen:
The conceptual issues of information use are discussed by
reviewing the major ideas of sense-making methodology developed by Brenda
Dervin. Sense-making methodology approaches the phenomena of information use by
drawing on the metaphor of gap-bridging. The nature of this metaphor is explored
by utilizing the ideas of metaphor analysis suggested by Lakoff and Johnson.
First, the source domain of the metaphor is characterized by utilizing the
graphical illustrations of sense-making metaphors. Second, the target domain of
the metaphor is analyzed by scrutinizing Dervin's key writings on information
seeking and use. The metaphor of gap-bridging does not suggest a substantive
conception of information use; the metaphor gives methodological and heuristic
guidance to posit contextual questions as to how people interpret information to
make sense of it. Specifically, these questions focus on the ways in which
cognitive, affective, and other elements useful for the sense-making process are
constructed and shaped to bridge the gap. Ultimately, the key question of
information use studies is how people design information in
context.
: Conducta /Información/Necesidades de
información
Resumen:
The ways in which the temporal context of information seeking
has been approached in the information-seeking literature are explored. Three
major approaches were identified: (i) time as a fundamental attribute of
situation or context of information seeking, (ii) time as qualifier of access to
information, and (iii) time as an indicator of the information-seeking process.
Temporal factors qualify situations and contexts of information seeking by
expresssions such as dynamic, reiterative, and project. These factors can also
be referred to as qualifiers of accessibility in the sense of constraints within
which information may be accessed particularly in hurry situations. Temporal
factors also qualify information seeking as a process from the viewpoint of
stages or cycles. Recently, cyclic and non-linear models challenge the stage
models of information seeking by emphasizing the contingency of
information-seeking processes.
: Conducta/Recuperación de la
información/Internet
Resumen:
To clarify the subject of a project and indicate its limits,
investigators must define for readers their work's key concepts. In most
information behaviour research, definition of 'information' itself is critical,
although it may be difficult to do this immediately, as the researcher may be
initially unsure of the nature of the phenomenon of interest. A definition may
be evolved retrospectively and informed by data collected. In assembling a
definition, the investigator may consider whether to draw a distinction between
'knowledge' and 'information', whether information is believed to be of the
purely 'objective' kind and the purposes for which information is required. A
decision also needs to be made on whether the researcher's construct of
'information' should be imposed on study participants. Whatever the approaches
taken, the definition must be at least partially grounded in widely held
assumptions and not inspired solely by the need to control the work's scope.
: Servicios de Información/Jovenes/Conducta/Necesidades de
información/Estudio de usuarios
Resumen:
Despite the fact that effective information skills are a
prerequisite for young people in today's society, relatively little is known
about how youngsters actually find information. The existing knowledge base on
the subject is scanty and piecemeal, and few efforts have been made to explore,
as an entirety, studies of young people's information-seeking and to isolate the
methods, perspectives and strategies that researchers have adopted. Examination
of these areas can alert prospective investigators to issues that they should
explore and approaches that they might wish to take in their own work. Matters
for consideration include the purposes of past studies, the specific focuses
that have been under scrutiny, the techniques that have been employed for
gathering and analysing data, and stances that have been taken with regard to
the generalisablility/transferability of findings.
99.
Shenton, A. K. and Dixon, P.,
"Issues arising from youngsters' information-seeking behavior ".
Library & information science research, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2004, pp.
177-200 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Necesidades de información/Conducta/Jovenes
Resumen:
Much of the research on the information-seeking behavior of
young people has examined either the degree to which they use particular
providers or the manner in which they exploit such sources or materials.
Considerably less attention has focused on the identification of generic
characteristics that relate to the use of a range of information sources.
Nevertheless, a recent qualitative research project undertaken in England has
revealed that a variety of patterns appear to emerge even when sources of
different types are used. While a few are indicative of the nature of the
information-seeking process itself, some pertain to users' information-seeking
problems and others to patterns of behavior. Many of the recurring features of
user behavior reflect attempts by youngsters to simplify the task of information
seeking and reduce the effort expended.
: Tesauros/Recuperación de la
información/Conducta
Resumen:
This paper presents an evaluation of the effects of search
topic characteristics on cognitive and physical search moves within the
interface of a thesaurus-enhanced information retrieval environment. Topic
characteristics examined here are topic complexity, topic familiarity, search
type and prior topic search experience. The data gathering techniques adopted in
this investigation included pre- and post-search questionnaires, transaction
logs and post-session interviews. Thirty academic staff and postgraduate
researchers from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Glasgow
participated in this study. Each participant conducted three searches based on
their research information needs. The results show that complex topics are
associated with significantly more cognitive and physical moves. However, it is
perhaps equally important to note that the results indicate that variation in
the other topic characteristics did not demonstrate any significant difference
in the number of cognitive or physical moves.
101.
Siegfried, S. and And Others, "A
profile of end-user searching behavior by humanities scholars: the getty online
searching report project no. 2. ". Journal of the American Society
for Information Science, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1993, pp. 273-91. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Bases de datos/Búsquedas bibliográficas/Conducta/Algebra
de Boole/Humanidades
Resumen:
Reports on searching behavior of humanities scholars who were
given unlimited, subsidized access to DIALOG databases. How much searching the
scholars did, the kinds of techniques and DIALOG features they used, and their
learning curves are analyzed. Search features studied included commands, Boolean
logic, types of vocabulary, and proximity operators.
La revisión bibliográfica que se presenta a continuación en
relación con las técnicas informáticas aplicadas a la evaluación y tratamiento
de los problemas atencionales tiene como objetivo principal ofrecer un
punto de vista general sobre lo que ha supuesto durante más de veinte años la
aplicación de la Informática tanto en el área educativa como en la evaluación y
tratamiento de los Trastornos por Déficits de Atención con o sin Hiperactividad
(TDA-H), y descubrir las necesidades prioritarias que se plantean para orientar
a futuros investigadores que sientan interés por dirigir su labor en esta
dirección. Este trabajo ha llevado implícito el esfuerzo por buscar el inicio de
la fusión de disciplinas en apariencia tan dispares como son la Psicología y la
Informática, para poder encuadrar el tema que nos ocupa dentro del marco de la
Informática en general. Así pues, sobre estos antecedentes históricos la fase
inicial se sitúa en la segunda generación de ordenadores (hacia 1964) y durante
la tercera generación (1964-1970). Desde esas fechas hasta hoy en día hemos
intentado recopilar la mayor información posible sobre la aplicación de los
ordenadores desde el ámbito general de la educación, pasando por áreas más
específicas como las dificultades en el aprendizaje, para centrarnos
posteriormente en el campo de los déficits atencionales.
103.
Solomon, P., "Children's information
retrieval behavior: a case analysis of an opac.". Journal of the
American Society for Information Science, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1993, pp. 245-64.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: OPAC/Bibliotecas infantiles/Recuperación de la
información/Conducta
Resumen:
Reports on research on retrieval behavior of children using a
school library online public access catalog. The impact of user characteristics,
school setting, interface usability, and information access features on
information retrieval are considered. Overall patterns of children's behavior
that influence retrieval and findings about strategies and search terms are
reported.
104.
Solomon, P., "Discovering Information
Behavior in Sense Making: I. Time and Timing. [and] II. The Social. [and] III.
The Person.". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science, Vol. 48, No. 12, 1997, pp. 1097-138. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Búsquedas bibliográficas/Comunicación
científica/Etnografía /Investigadores/Sistemas de información/Conducta/Ciencias
sociales/Investigación
Resumen:
Using the methods of ethnography of communication, this
three-part study investigates time and timing, social elements, and individual
information behavior in sense making. Argues that the sense-making concept
captures how information behavior creates meaning and that a research focus on
information and information-seeking divides people from information systems,
specialists, and institutions.
105.
Spink, A. and Cole, C., "Human
Information Behavior: Integrating Diverse Approaches and Information
Use". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and
Technology, Vol. 57, No. 1, 2006, pp. 25-35. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
Descriptores
: Uso/Conducta
Resumen:
For millennia humans have sought, organized, and used
information as they learned and evolved patterns of human information behaviors
to resolve their human problems and survive. However, despite the current focus
on living in an "information age," we have a limited evolutionary understanding
of human information behavior. In this article the authors examine the current
three interdisciplinary approaches to conceptualizing how humans have sought
information including (a) the everyday life information seeking-sense-making
approach, (b) the information foraging approach, and (c) the problem-solution
perspective on information seeking approach. In addition, due to the lack of
clarity regarding the role of information use in information behavior, a fourth
information approach is provided based on a theory of information use. The use
theory proposed starts from an evolutionary psychology notion that humans are
able to adapt to their environment and survive because of our modular cognitive
architecture. Finally, the authors begin the process of conceptualizing these
diverse approaches, and the various aspects or elements of these approaches,
within an integrated model with consideration of information use. An initial
integrated model of these different approaches with information use is
proposed.
Purpose - Since the beginning of human existence, humankind has
sought, organized and used information as it evolved patterns and practices of
human information behaviors. However, the field of human information behavior
(HIB) has not heretofore pursued an evolutionary understanding of information
behavior. The goal of this exploratory study is to provide insight about the
information behavior of various individuals from the past to begin the
development of an evolutionary perspective for our under-standing of HIB.
Design/methodology/approach - This paper presents findings from a qualitative
analysis of the autobiographies and personal writings of several historical
figures, including Napoleon Bonaparte, Charles Darwin, Giacomo Casarrova and
others. Findings - Analysis of their writing,-, shows that these persons of the
past articulated aspects of their HIB's, including information seeking,
information organization and information use, providing tangible insights into
their information-related thoughts and actions. Practical implications - This
paper has implications for expanding the nature of our evolutionary
understanding of information behavior and provides a broader context for the HIB
research field. Originality/value - This the first paper in the information
science field of HIB to study the information behavior of historical figures and
begin to develop an evolutionary framework for HIB research.
107.
Spink, A. and Coleb, C., "Information
and poverty: information-seeking channels used by African American low-income
households ". Library & information science research, Vol.
23, No. 1, 2001, pp. 45-65. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Propiedad intelectual/Información a la
comunidad/Necesidades de información/Conducta
Resumen:
This study investigated the information environment, including
the information seeking and information needs, of low-income largely African
American households at the Parks at Wynnewood in Dallas, Texas. These households
were surveyed regarding their household situation and their need for community
and information services. Residents' information-seeking behavior focused on
their family and neighbors, with a lower use of external channels, except for
health and employment information issues. A model of the residents' information
environment is presented.
108.
Srivastava, R., "Information use in
gender and development: a study of behavioral pattern". IFLA
Council and General Conference, No. 68, 2003. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/019-096e.pdf
Descriptores
: Necesidades de información/Estudio de
usuarios/Conducta
Resumen:
The progress of any subject is impeded unless new knowledge
generated by research flows freely, quickly and timely among the user community.
An information system, therefore, must bring into attention the newly generated
information to the users as soon as it is generated because nascent information
by its very nature is perishable. Assessment of reading habits of its users is
an important task of any efficient information retrieval system so that
information needs of its users may be identified and the information available
in different types of formats and through a variety of channels may be provided
to the users.
: Estudio de usuarios/Motores de
búsqueda/Evaluación/Conducta
Resumen:
Searching for information pervades a wide spectrum of
human activity, including learning and problem solving. With recent changes in
the amount of information available and the variety of means of retrieval, there
is even more need to understand why some searchers are more successful than
others. This study was undertaken to advance the understanding of expertise in
seeking information on the Web by identifying strategies and attributes that
will increase the chance of a successful search on the Web. The strategies were
as follows: evaluation, navigation, affect, metacognition, cognition, and prior
knowledge, and attributes included age, sex, years of experience, computer
knowledge, and info-seeking knowledge. Success was defined as finding a target
topic within 30 minutes. Participants were from three groups. Novices were 10
undergraduate pre-service teachers, intermediates were 9 final-year master of
library and information studies students, and experts were 10 highly experienced
professional librarians working in a variety of settings. Participants' verbal
protocols were transcribed verbatim into a text file and coded. These codes,
along with Internet temporary files, a background questionnaire, and a post-task
interview were the sources of the data. Since the variable of interest was the
time to finding the topic, in addition to ANOVA and Pearson correlation,
survival analysis was used to explore the data. The most significant differences
in patterns of search between novices and experts were found in the cognitive,
metacognitive, and prior knowledge strategies. Survival analysis revealed
specific actions associated with success in Web searching: (1) using clear
criteria to evaluate sites, (2) not excessively navigating, (3) reflecting on
strategies and monitoring progress, (4) having background knowledge about
information seeking, and (5) approaching the search with a positive attitude.
110.
Tillán Gómez, S. and Cañedo Andalia, v.,
"En busca de la imagen ideal de Acimed: análisis comparativo del
comportamiento editorial de Acimed y la Journal of the Medical Library
Association ". ACIMED, Vol. 11, No. 6, 2003 . http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/aci/vol11_6_03/aci13603.htm
Descriptores
: Conducta/Editores/Revistas electrónicas /Medicina/Ciencias
de la salud/Fuentes de información/Análisis comparativos
Resumen:
Con el objetivo de establecer una imagen ideal de Acimed, se
realizó un análisis comparativo del comportamiento editorial de la Journal of
the Medical Library Association (JMLA), en el período 2000-2002, a partir de un
grupo de indicadores seleccionados, a saber: volumen de trabajos publicados,
espacio dedicado a artículos, promedio de referencias bibliográficas por
artículo, distribución de referencias según tipo de material citado, entre
otros. Aunque el volumen de trabajos, artículos, autores y otros que miden
magnitudes totales fueron muy superiores en la JMLA ,con relación a Acimed,
indicadores como el por ciento de espacio dedicado a artículos y el promedio de
autores por artículo, se comportaron similarmente. Sin embargo, el número de
referencias bibliográficas utilizadas para la elaboración de un artículo en
Acimed fue sólo de 10.5 mientras que en la JMLA fue de 27.2. El número de
recursos, disponibles en Internet, citados crece a ritmo acelerado como vía para
reducir el déficit bibliográfico impreso La conformación de una imagen ideal, a
partir del estudio del comportamiento editorial de una revista élite similar a
la que se propone mejorar, es una vía útil para el establecimiento de nuevas
metas y luchar por el progreso de una revista en desarrollo.
111.
Tombros, T. and Crestani, F., "Users'
perception of relevance of spoken documents". Journal of the
American Society for Information Science, Vol. 51, No. 10, 2000, pp.
929-939. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Recuperación de la información/Estudio de
usuarios/Conducta/Pertinencia
Resumen:
Resultados de un estudio de usuarios sobre su percepción
respecto a la pertinencia de los documentos. El fin está estudiar de manera
experimental como la percepción de los usuarios varía dependiendo de la
forma en se presentan los documentos recuperados. Los documentos recuperados con
respecto a una preguntas se presentan a los usuarios en un formato variado,
desde el texto completo hasta una máquina que genera sumarios automáticamente, y
a partir de ello se estudia la diferencia de la pertinencia en la percepción de
los usuarios. Los resultados experimentales sugieren que la eficacia de
los sistemas avanzados de Recuperación de Información pueden verse afectados por
el nivel de percepción de los usuarios respecto a la pertinencia de los
documentos recuperados
112.
Urquhart, C., Lightb, A., Thomasa, R., Barkera,
A., Yeomana, A., Coopera, J., Armstrongc, C., Fentonc, R., Lonsdalea, R., and
Spinka, S., "Critical incident technique and explicitation interviewing
in studies of information behavior ". Library & information
science research, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2003, pp. 63-89. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Conducta/Estudio de usuarios
Resumen:
This article discusses two related techniques, critical
incident technique (CIT) and explicitation, which are used in a variety of
social science research settings, and critically reviews their application to
studies of information behavior. The current application of both techniques is
compared with Flanagan's early guidelines on the CIT and is discussed in
relation to recent experience in the use of (1) the CIT in the JUSTEIS and VIVOS
projects and (2) explicitation in projects concerned with text entering on
interactive Web sites. The JUSTEIS project identifies trends, and reasons for
those trends, in the uptake and use of electronic information services in higher
education in the United Kingdom; this article examines experience gained over
the first two cycles1999 to 2000 and 2000 to 2001. The VIVOS project evaluated
virtual health library services. Comparison of the experiences gained on the
various projects suggests that critical incident methods could usefully be
extended and enriched by some explicitation methods, to elicit the degree of
evocation required for current and future studies of Internet use.
: Conducta/Tecnologías de la información/Transferencia de la
información
Resumen:
An innovator's personality along with the perceived attributes
of an innovation predicts the rate of diffusion. The current study focuses on
the personality factors that determine the likelihood of adoption of a
technological innovation. To that end, the study distinguishes between global
innovativeness and context-specific innovativeness. An information processing
model was tested where technological innovativeness was purported to be
indirectly influenced by an individual's global innovativeness, through its
impact on communication and media use behaviors. The structural model was tested
on two separate technology clusters, and partial support was found for linking
sophistication in information search, and prior technology ownership to
technological innovativeness.
: Mujeres/Conducta/Recuperación de la información/Búsquedas
bibliográficas/Ciencias de la salud
Resumen:
As health information seekers pursue their right to know when
investigating medical options, the question of reliable health information
resources becomes paramount. Previous research has not addressed widely the
connection between women as the health information seeker and quality health
information, nor has women's awareness of specific health and medical resources
been adequately evaluated. A study with a convenience sample of 119 women
assessed the process of seeking health information (women's health information
needs, the search strategies they employed for filling the information need, and
the use of the health information found), and their awareness of specific health
and medical information resources. Our survey instrument was based on Kuhlthau's
Information Search Process (ISP) model. Results appeared to address the
uncertainty stage of the ISP model, as there were conflicting responses
regarding the facility of locating information, the usefulness of the
information found, and whether or not the subjects' health questions were
answered. The study also identified a low awareness by our respondents of
specific health and medical information resources. There is an opportunity for
health information providers to play a role in mediating at this uncertainty
stage to connect health information seekers with reliable
information.
Describes recent confusion about the nature of the digital
revolution and the impact of this on commercial and academic behaviour.
Illustrates that the nature of the digital revolution in consumer use of
information has shown phenomenal uptake in usage, if not revenues and that this
has already begun to change the nature of consumer behaviour. Argues that the
power of the Web to disintermediate and provide scale economies could well apply
to STM publishing models and that consequential changes could be significant.
116.
Xu, Y. J., Tan, C. Y., and Yang, L.,
"Who Will You Ask? An Empirical Study of Interpersonal Task Information
Seeking". Journal of the American Society for Information Science
and Technology, Vol. 57, No. 12, 2006, pp. 1666-1677. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
Descriptores
: Conducta /Preguntas de referencia/Búsquedas
bibliográficas
Resumen:
Information seeking behavior is an important form of human
behavior. Past literature in information science and organizational studies has
employed the cost-benefit framework to analyze seekers' information-source
choice decision. Conflicting findings have been discovered with regard to the
importance of source quality and source accessibility in seekers' choices. With
a focus on interpersonal task information seeking, this study proposes a
seeker-source-information need framework to understand the source choice
decision. In this framework, task importance, as an attribute of information
need, is introduced to moderate seekers' cost-benefit calculation. Our empirical
study finds that in the context of interpersonal task information seeking,
first, the least effort principle might not be adequate in explaining personal
source choices; rather, a quality-driven perspective is more adequate, and cost
factors are of much less importance. Second, the seeker-source relationship is
not significant to source choices. Third, the nature of information need,
especially task importance, can modify seekers' source choice
decisions.
117.
Yang, S. C., "Qualitative Exploration
of Learners' Information-Seeking Processes Using Perseus Hypermedia
System.". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science, Vol. 48, No. 7, 1997, pp. 667-69. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Hipertexto/Historia/Bases de
datos/Grecia/Universidades/Búsquedas
bibliográficas/Estudiantes/Conducta
Resumen:
This study examines six cases of information-seeking behavior
in the conduct of discourse synthesis in Perseus 1.0, a Greek history hypermedia
database. Discourse synthesis refers to the process in which learners integrate
their ideas, with information selected from multiple source texts within
Perseus, to compose new texts.
118.
Yi, K., Beheshti, J., Cole, C., Leide, J. E.,
and Large, A., "User Search Behavior of Domain-Specific Information
Retrieval Systems: an Analysis of the Query Logs From Psycinfo and Abc-Clio's
Historical Abstracts/America: History and Life". Journal of the
American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 57, No. 9,
2006, pp. 1208-1220. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/76501873/
Descriptores
: Conducta /Búsquedas bibliográficas/Recuperación de la
información
Resumen:
The authors report the findings of a study that analyzes and
compares the query logs of PsycINFO for psychology and the two history databases
of ABC-Clio: Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life to establish the
sociological nature of information need, searching, and seeking in history
versus psychology. Two problems are addressed: (a) What level of query log
analysis-by individual query terms, by co-occurrence of word pairs, or by
multiword terms (MWTs)-best serves as data for categorizing the queries to these
two subject-bound databases; and (b) how can the differences in the nature of
the queries to history versus psychology databases aid in our understanding of
user search behavior and the information needs of their respective users. The
authors conclude that MWTs provide the most effective snapshot of user searching
behavior for query categorization. The MWTs to ABC-Clio indicate specific
instances of historical events, people, and regions, whereas the MWTs to
PsycINFO indicate concepts roughly equivalent to descriptors used by PsycINFO's
own classification scheme. The average length of queries is 3.16 terms for
PsycINFO and 3.42 for ABC-Clio, which breaks from findings for other reference
and scholarly search engine studies, bringing query length closer in line to
findings for general Web search engines like Excite.
119.
Zach, L., "When is enough enough?
Modeling the information-seeking and stopping behavior of senior arts
administrators ". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science and Technology, Vol. 56, No. 1, 2005, pp. 23-36. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/109596520/PDFSTART
Descriptores
: Conducta/Necesidades de información/Arte
Resumen:
Among managers, those who are responsible for nonprofit
organizations in general and arts organizations in particular have been an
understudied group. These managers have much in common with their for-profit
counterparts, but their environment also differs in significant ways. The goal
of this exploratory research effort was to identify how senior administrators in
fine arts museums and symphony orchestras go about identifying and acquiring the
information they want to complete a range of management tasks. Deciding when and
where to look for information, obtaining the right information at the time it is
needed, evaluating its credibility and utility, and determining when enough
information has been collected are challenges facing this group of information
users every day. A multiple-case studies design involving a replication strategy
was selected to structure the research process. Data were collected from 12 arts
administrators using a pretested interview protocol that included the Critical
Incident Technique. Patterns in the data were identified, and the data were
further reviewed for disconfirming evidence. The study resulted in a list of the
types and sources of information that arts administrators use as well as a list
of the factors or stopping criteria that influence them to end their
information-seeking process. A model describing the way in which arts
administrators go about acquiring the information they want was also developed.
The main findings of the study are (a) arts administrators do not consider
information seeking to be a discrete management task, (b) they rely heavily on
direct personal experience to fill their information-seeking needs, and (c) they
are satisficers when it comes to seeking information. Based on Simon's
alternative to rational choice theory, satisficers are people who are willing to
pursue a good enough option rather than the best possible option (maximizers)
(Simon, 1956). Since arts administrators have not been studied in the context of
LIS research before, understanding more about where they go for information,
what factors influence the level of effort they are willing to invest in seeking
information, and how they decide when they have enough information provides
insights into the information-seeking behavior of a new user group. Furthermore,
although this research effort is focused on specific users in a specific field,
the results from this study may be compared to what we already know about other
user groups to confirm and expand existing models of information-seeking
behavior.
120.
Zhang, D., Zambrowicz, C., Hong Zhou, and
Roderer, N. K., "User information-seeking behavior in a medical Web
portal environment: A preliminary study". Journal of the American
Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 55, No. 8, 2004, pp.
670-684 . http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/107628785/PDFSTART
Descriptores
: Estudio de usuarios/Necesidades de
información/Conducta/Portales/Internet
Resumen:
The emergence of information portal systems in the past few
years has led to a greatly enhanced Web-based environment for users seeking
information online. While considerable research has been conducted on user
information-seeking behavior in regular IR environments over the past decade,
this paper focuses specifically on how users in a medical science and clinical
setting carry out their daily information seeking through a customizable
information portal system (MyWelch). We describe our initial study on analyzing
Web usage data from MyWelch to see whether the results conform to the features
and patterns established in current information-seeking models, present several
observations regarding user information-seeking behavior in a portal
environment, outline possible long-term user information-seeking patterns based
on usage data, and discuss the direction of future research on user
information-seeking behavior in the MyWelch portal environment.
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