Monográficos-InfoDOC Universidad de Salamanca Facultad de Traducción y
Documentación Biblioteca Web
Metadatos InfoDoc octubre de 2006 Qué son los
metadatos?
La definición más siple de metadatos es "datos
estructurados sobre los datos."
Los metadatos son información descriptiva
sobre un objeto o recurso tanto si éste es físico [formato tradicional tangible]
como electrónico. A pesar de que los metadatos en sí mismos son relativamente
nuevos, los conceptos fundamentales detrás de los metadatos se han estado
utilzando desde que se organizan las colecciones de información. Las fichas de
catálogo de biblioteca representan un tipo de metadatos perfectamente
establecido, que ha servio como herramientas de gestión de colecciones y de
recuperación de recursos durante décadas.
Los metadatos pueden tanto
generarse a "a mano", como obtenerse automáticamente a través de un
software.
¿Dónde están los metadatos en el sitio
web del Dublin Core?
Usamos ficheros .rdf separados que
contienen la información de metadatos en lugar de incluir éstos en el HTML. Si
se fija, la mayor parte de las páginas del sitio web de la DCMI, verá un enlace
a los metadatos al final de cada una de las páginas.
Para Saber
mas:
Dublin Core Metadata
Initiative, "Preguntas frecuentes sobre la DCMI [Frequently Asked
Questions] (FAQ)". Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, 2006. http://es.dublincore.org/resources/faq/
<?xml
version="1.0"?> <rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:dc =
"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://es.dublincore.org/resources/faq/">
<dc:title>Preguntas frecuentes(FAQ) sobre la Iniciativa de Metadatos
Dublin Core</dc:title> <dc:description>Respuestas a
las preguntas frecuentes sobre la Iniciativa de Metadatos Dublin Core y sobre
los metadatos Dublin Core.</dc:description>
<dc:date>2003-05-16</dc:date> <dc:format>text/html</dc:format> <dc:language>es</dc:language>
<dc:publisher>Instituto Universitario Agustin Millares. Universidad
Carlos III de Madrid</dc:publisher>
<dc:contributor>Iniciativa de Metadatos Dublin
Core</dc:contributor> <dc:contributor>Eva
Mendez</dc:contributor>
<dc:relation>http://www.dublincore.org/resources/faq/index.shtml.rdf</dc:relation> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
Hay muchas formas de codificar un microformato un documento
HTML ó XHTML, y que cumplan los estándares. Basta con comprobar el código en un
validador, como por ejemplo W3C Markup Validation Service. Sin embargo, no todas
esas formas de codificarlo, aprovechan al máximo las capacidades semánticas del
HTML.
Los metadatos, y más concretamente la DCMI (Dublin Core
Metadata Initiative) y su conjunto de elementos ISO 15836-2003, constituyen una
de las infraestructuras operacionales de la Web Semántica y una de las claves de
la interoperabilidad de la información electrónica. Estos esquemas de metadatos,
junto a la codificación sintáctica XML/RDF, estándares de descripción de
contenido (ontologías, topic maps, tesauros, etc.) y toda una suerte de
protocolos y normas para el intercambio de información, protagonizarán la
segunda generación del Web.
3.
"Guidance on expressing the
Dublin Core within the Resource Description Framework (RDF)".
The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative [DC] is a
cross-disciplinary international effort to develop mechanisms for the
discovery-oriented description of diverse resources in an electronic
environment. The Dublin Core Element Set comprises fifteen elements [DCES] which
together capture a representation of essential aspects related to the
description of resources.
: Visibilidad de la Información/Recuperación de la
información/Web semántica/Open Archives Initiative/Metadatos/Documentos
electrónicos/Acceso abierto/Archivos abiertos
Resumen:
Son muy numerosos los artículos publicados acerca de lo que
suponen, y pueden suponer, los recursos digitales para el mejor funcionamiento
de las llamadas instituciones de memoria. Pero la mayoría de ellos se refieren a
los recursos digitales como algo que se consume y se pone a disposición de los
usuarios, rara vez como algo que se produce y se pone también a su disposición.
A partir de las funciones propias de cualquier tipo de archivo, se propone crear
recursos digitales acordes con una normativa dada (estructuras de metadatos,
OAIPMH, web semántica, etc.) con la finalidad de incrementar la capacidad de
recuperación de la información y la visibilidad de ésta, tanto para
especialistas como para cualquier tipo de usuario. Europa debe marcarse como
objetivo prioritario desarrollar nuevos sistemas de recuperación de la
información y nuevos productos basados en estándares y protocolos que le
proporcionen una más competitiva posición en la sociedad de la información.
: Metadatos/España/World wide web/Dublin Core/Recuperación
de la información/Archivos/Museos/Bibliotecas
Resumen:
Aunque no son infrecuentes en España las publicaciones sobre
metadatos, son muy pocas las que mencionan las técnicas de recolección de
información en la web (Web Harvesting) o la recolección de metadatos (Metadata
Harvesting), mientras que se encuentran numerosas menciones a ello en las
distintas listas de discusión del sector de la biblioteconomía y de las ciencias
de la información. Lo cierto es que escasean las aplicaciones reales destinadas
a funcionar fuera de un ámbito puramente experimental y con propósitos definidos
de obtención de datos reales en la red para una posterior utilización
archivística, bibliográfica, museológica o documental. Se parte de la definición
de un 'harvester' como la conjunción de la tecnología OAI y la tecnología Dublin
Core con todos los desarrollos y ampliaciones necesarios para lograr una mayor
efectividad y precisión en la recuperación de la información en la web. Se
presenta también un resumen actualizado de los principales proyectos que se
están desarrollando internacionalmente, y como, sobre todo, la influencia de
estos avances en el desarrollo de repositorios y recolectores OAI en España. Se
presta especial atención a la iniciativa OAIster que promueve la University of
Michigan y que, en opinión de los autores, constituye el mejor modelo a la hora
de plantear un desarrollo específico. Así mismo se comentará la lista oficial de
implementadores, valorando qué impacto puede tener acceder a su información
desde el punto de vista de los archivos, bibliotecas y museos
españoles.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison's Internet Scout
Project [1] received funding in the fall of 2000 from the Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation [2] to build an open source software package that would allow
collection developers to share their collection's metadata via the web. The
resulting software, the Scout Portal Toolkit (SPT), is virtually turnkey, very
inexpensive to maintain and operate, and easy for non-technical staff to
download, set up and populate with metadata. Conforming to international
standards for metadata, data harvesting, and Web technology makes SPT useful for
and usable by a wide variety of projects and organizations, allowing and
encouraging collaboration and record sharing among projects. Over the SPT
project's two-year period, beta testers and in-house quality assurance testing
provided valuable feedback, helping to ensure that the software was robust, easy
to use, and well-suited to the needs of the intended audience.
7.
Argudo Plans, S.,
"Avaluació de les metadades com a eina d'indexació i recuperació al web de la
Biblioteca de la Universitat de Barcelona". BiD : Biblioteconomía y
Documentació, No. 9, 2002. http://www.ub.es/biblio/bid/09argudo.htm
Descriptores
: Metadatos /Indización/Recuperación de la
información/Bibliotecas universitarias
Resumen:
Coincidint amb la renovació del web de la Biblioteca de la
Universitat de Barcelona, al mes de juny s'inicià un procés d'avaluació amb
l'objectiu de replantejar la utilització de les metadades com a eina d'indexació
i recuperació de continguts de pàgines web. L'article s'estructura en tres parts
principals. En una primera part, s'estableixen els antecedents del web de la
Biblioteca, l'origen i la forma de la inclusió de metadades en les seves pàgines
i l'evolució del tema fins a arribar al moment de l'avaluació. Tot seguit,
s'exposen totes les dades analitzades en el procés d'avaluació fet, partint de
conceptes i aspectes teòrics fonamentals de l'anàlisi de contingut. L'apartat de
conclusions amb què finalitza l'article parteix de la interpretació de les dades
dels dos processos de manera relacionada per oferir un seguit d'indicacions o
pautes que cal tenir en compte en el replantejament de la utilització de
metadades com a eina de representació de contingut i de recuperació d'informació
de les pàgines web de la BUB.
: Metadatos /Library of Congress/Open Archives
Initiative/Harvesting metadata
Resumen:
The Library of Congress (LC) was an early adopter of the OAI
Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. The protocol allows LC to make digitized
historical collections available for integration into other services. The
protocol was straightforward to implement and the harvesting traffic has no
perceptible effect on the primary users of the American Memory project. Now that
services can integrate records for cultural heritage resources from many
sources, it is time to build on that experience to develop better services. How
should the scarce resources available to produce metadata be deployed to most
advantage to support discovery in different contexts? How might metadata
harvesting be exploited to support new interfaces and enhanced navigation among
related resources in digital libraries? This article starts a conversation
between metadata providers and service builders by describing LC's experience
and questions that have surfaced.
This paper describes the use of the Open Archives Initiative
Protocol for Metadata Harvesting in the NSF's National Science Digital Library
(NSDL). The protocol is used both as a method to ingest metadata into a central
Metadata Repository and also as the means by which the repository exports
metadata to service providers. The NSDL Search Service is used to illustrate
this architecture. An early version of the Metadata Repository was an alpha test
site for version 1 of the protocol and the production repository was a beta test
site for version 2. This paper describes the implementation experience and early
practical tests. Despite some teething troubles and the long-term difficulties
of semantic compatibility, the overall conclusion is optimism that the Open
Archive Initiative will be a successful part of the NSDL.
10.
Baca, M., "Metadata Schemas And
Controlled Vocabularies For Art, Architecture, And Material Culture".
Cataloging & classification quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 3-4, 2003, pp.
47-57. http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=317848
This presentation will give an overview of descriptive metadata
schemas for art and architecture, including Categories for the Description of
Works of Art, Object ID, and the VRA Core Categories. It will also focus
on the "menu" of controlled vocabularies and classification systems that are
needed to populate these metadata schemas: the Art & Architecture
Thesaurus, Union List of Artist Names, Thesaurus for Graphic Materials,
ICONCLASS, and others. Other issues that will be addressed are the
development of local authority files and thesauri to enhance end-user access,
and metadata mapping and "crosswalks" as a means to provide integrated access to
diverse information resources.
: Metadatos/Patrimonio cultural/Control de
autoridades
Resumen:
Gives an overview of descriptive metadata schemas for art and
architecture, including Categories for the Description of Works of Art, Object
ID, and the VRA Core Categories. It also focuses on the menu of controlled
vocabularies and classification systems needed to populate these metadata
schemas, such as the Art & Architecture Thesaurus, ICONCLASS, and others.
Addresses the development of local authority files and thesauri to enhance
end-user access, and metadata mapping and crosswalks as a means of providing
integrated access to diverse information resources.
The experience of artificial languages like Esperanto suggests
they need good governance to control divergence in usage, but flexibility to
evolve and grow. Language engineers have neglected to consider pidgins ---
simplified hybrids invented spontaneously by speakers of different languages. If
Dublin Core is pidgin metadata, perhaps it needs an interlingua --- a
language-neutral set of elements mediating between richer sets --- for the
collective negotiation of meanings and for managing the inevitable tension
between simplicity and complexity. Adaptations of Dublin Core in languages other
than English would not be mere translations of a canon, but equal participants
in an ongoing revision of that canon.
On 18 November 2002, at a meeting organised by the CORES
Project (Information Society Technologies Programme, European Union), several
organisations regarded as maintenance authorities for metadata elements achieved
consensus on a resolution to assign Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) to
metadata elements as a useful first step towards the development of mapping
infrastructures and interoperability services. The signatories of the CORES
Resolution agreed to promote this consensus in their communities and beyond and
to implement an action plan in the following six months. Six months having
passed, the maintainers of GILS, ONIX, MARC 21, CERIF, DOI, IEEE/LOM, and Dublin
Core report on their implementations of the resolution and highlight issues of
relevance to establishing good-practice conventions for declaring, identifying,
and maintaining metadata elements more generally. In June 2003, the resolution
was also endorsed by the maintainers of UNIMARC.
Since the Web explosion of the 1990s, a wide variety of digital
collections have emerged on the Internet. While digital collections may differ
in content or structure, they all share one commonalitythe need for metadata.
Frequently described as 'data about data,' metadata is a critical component of
all digital collections. Metadata facilitates the discovery and retrieval of
information, it provides for resource presentation and navigation, and it
contains the information needed to preserve digital data files. While several
digital collections of books have been created for the Internet, it is only
recently that libraries and archives have begun to digitize archival collections
for Web delivery. The purpose of this paper is to describe the descriptive,
structural, and administrative metadata requirements for the University of
Toronto's most recent digital project, entitled: The Barren Lands: J.B.
Tyrrell's Expeditions for the Geological Survey of Canada, 1892-1894. It will
also describe the ways in which the metadata created for the Barren Lands
project facilitates the discovery and retrieval of information within the
digital collection.
: DoIS (Documents in Information
Science)/Metadatos/Protocolos de comunicaciones/Open Archives
Initiative/Harvesting metadata
Resumen:
Se describe el protocolo OAI-PMH (Open Archives
InitiativeProtocol for Metadata Harvesting) utilizado para la transmisión de
metadatos en internet. Se analiza el contexto en el que nació, las comunidades
de depósitos de documentos científicos y cómo se ha desarrollando y extendido su
alcance a cualquier material en formato electrónico. Se describe brevemente su
arquitectura basada en el modelo clienteservidor donde los primeros, llamados
archivos, ponen a disposición del público metadatos en formato Dublin Core para
que puedan ser recuperados por los segundos. La comunicación se realiza mediante
el protocolo http. Las respuestas están codificadas en xml. Finalmente se hace
una revisión de las principales instituciones que lo han implementado, los
servicios que se han basado en él y se presenta una serie de herramientas que
facilitan la creación de archivos abiertos.
16.
Barrutieta, G., Abaitua, J., and Díaz,
J., "Gross-grained RST through XML metadata for multilingual document
generation". Congreso sobre traducción automática, No. 8, 2001.
http://www.eamt.org/summitVIII/papers/barrutieta.pdf
We present an RST-based discourse annotation proposal used in
the construction of a trial multilingual XML-tagged corpus of teaching material
in Basque, English and Spanish. The corpus feeds an experimental multilingual
document generation system for the web. The main contributions of this paper are
an implementation of RST through XML metadata and the adoption of gross-grained
RST to avoid non-isomorphism in multilingual corpora.
: Multimedia/Metadatos /Recuperación de la
información/Archivos digitales
Resumen:
This review is a summary of the state-of-the-art for those who
have not been intimately dealing with the evolution of digital archives. At the
same time this survey will be a useful resource and starting point for
archivists, librarians and technicians, who are becoming involved in
institutional digitization projects. It presents a brief overview of what is
meant by a digital library and a digital archive, and how archival collections
can be described. It expresses briefly the different approaches to collections
and their descriptions and suggests that a consistent approach to descriptions
at collection and item level is an important factor in initiatives which seek to
provide integrated access to distributed resources, whether those resources are
traditional or digital.
: Metadatos /Protocolos de comunicaciones/Dublin
Core/Z39.50
Resumen:
Interoperability between digital libraries depends on effective
sharing of metadata. Successful sharing of metadata requires common standards
for metadata exchange. Previous efforts have focused on either defining a single
metadata standard, such as Dublin Core, or building digital library middleware,
such as Z39.50 or Stanford's Digital Library Interoperability Protocol. In this
article, we propose a distributed architecture for managing metadata and
metadata schema. Instead of normalizing all metadata and schema to a single
format, we have focused on building a middleware framework that tolerates
heterogeneity. By providing facilities for typing and dynamic conversion of
metadata, our system permits continual introduction of new forms of metadata
with minimal impact on compatibility.
: Metadatos /Control de autoridades/Bibliotecas
digitales/Documentos electrónicos
Resumen:
'Metadata' became a recent buzzword related with the explosion
of the Internet and the emerging of new contents and services by some way
associated to libraries, archives, museums, and related organisations. A name
given to this new paradigm has been "Digital Libraries"!
20.
Broekstra, J., Klein, M., and Fensel,
D., "Adding formal semantics to the Web: building on top of RDF
Schema". OIL: The Ontology Inference Layer, 2004. http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/extending-rdfs.pdf
Descriptores
: Web semántica/Metadatos
Resumen:
RDF Schema provides means to define vocabulary, structure and
constraints for expressing metadata about Web resources. However, formal
semantics for the primitives defined in RDF Schema are not provided, and the
expressivity of these primitives is not enough for full-fledged ontological
modeling and reasoning. To perform these tasks, an additional layer on top of
RDF Schema is needed. In this paper, we will show how RDF Schema can be extended
in such a way that a full knowledge representation language can be expressed in
it, thus enriching it with the required additional expressivity and the
semantics of this language. We do this by describing the ontology language OIL
as an extension of RDF Schema. First, we give a short introduction to both RDF
Schema and OIL. We then proceed to define a Schema to express OIL ontologies in
RDF, where the aim is to use existing RDF terminology where possible, and
extending RDF(S) where necessary. The result is an RDF Schema definition of OIL
primitives, which allows one to express any OIL ontology in RDF syntax, thus
enabling the added benefits of OIL, such as reasoning support and formal
semantics, to be used on the Web. We conclude that our method of extending is
equally applicable to other knowledge representation formalisms.
: Metadatos/World Wide Web/Internet/Recuperación de la
información/Web semántica
Resumen:
Topical metadata have been used to indicate the subject of Web
pages. They have been simultaneously hailed as building blocks of the semantic
Web and derogated as spam. At this time major Web browsers avoid harvesting
topical metadata. This paper suggests that the significance of the topical
metadata controversy depends on the technological appropriateness of adding them
to Web pages. This paper surveys Web technology with an eye on assessing the
appropriateness of Web pages as hosts for topical metadata. The survey reveals
Web pages to be both transient and volatile: poor hosts of topical metadata. The
closed Web is considered to be a more supportive environment for the use of
topical metadata. The closed Web is built on communities of trust where the
structure and meaning of Web pages can be anticipated. The vast majority of Web
pages, however, exist in the open Web, an environment that challenges the
application of legacy information retrieval concepts and methods.
The term metadata has been bandied about a great deal in the
professional literature of late. With the advent of the Dublin Core, the Text
Encoding Initiative (TEI) Guidelines, the Government Information Locator Service
(GILS), and other such constructs, the concept of data about data and what to do
with it has again become a discussion point in librarianship. As the methods
available for describing information grow beyond MARC, it becomes increasingly
apparent that librarians, and more specifically catalogers, have a role to play
as mediators and creators of an increasingly diverse landscape of descriptive
methods. As the choices for providing access increase, the experience and
traditions that the cataloging profession can bring to the creation,
standardization, and manipulation of metadata systems becomes obvious. This
position paper outlines how that experience and tradition were brought to bear
on digital library projects at the University of Michigan and advocates a strong
and collaborative role for catalogers in the mediation and creation of metadata
systems.
El problema de la preservación de la información digital está
muy presente en nuestros días. A medida que el volumen de información en este
formato aumente, irá creciendo la preocupación por lograr que ésta se mantenga
accesible a largo plazo. Los metadatos, como elementos para la descripción de
los documentos digitales o DLO (document like object), han de cubrir un papel
fundamental a la hora de aportar información sobre las características lógicas
de los DLO a que se refieren, y por tanto para su correcta preservación.
Asimismo, al ser los metadatos información digital, su preservación ha de ser
también tenida en cuenta. A este respecto se han desarrollado programas y
estudios relacionados con la utilización de metadatos para la preservación
digital y con la propia preservación de metadatos.
Estudi de l'ús que fan de les metadades les revistes
electróniques espanyoles de biblioteconomia i documentació. En primer lloc, es
fa la revisió bibliogràfica de l'ús de metadades en revistes electróniques i
s'examinen les propostes de la Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) i dels
grups que en formen part. A continuació, s'analitzen les revistes própiament
dites pel que fa a l'ús i als tipus de metadades emprades i es presenten els
resultats.
: Metadatos /Dublin Core/Recuperación de la
información/Internet /Indización
Resumen:
Two and a half years ago I reported in this column on the birth
of the Dublin Core (DC), a small set of simple, descriptive data elements
intended to aid in the discovery of Internet resources (see 'You Call It Corn,
We Call It Syntax-Independent Metadata for Document-Like Objects,' The
Public-Access Computer Systems Review 6, no. 4 (1995): 19-23; URL:
http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v6/n4/capl6n4.html ). I've just
returned from the fifth Dublin Core Workshop in Helsinki and thought this would
be a good time for an update. If you haven't been following the Dublin Core
lately, you might be surprised.
26.
Caplan, P., "You Call It Corn,
We Call It Syntax-Independent Metadata for Document-Like Objects".
The Public-Access Computer Systems Review, Vol. 6 , No. 4, 1995. http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v6/n4/capl6n4.html
Descriptores
: Metadatos /Indización/Documentos electrónicos
Resumen:
Metadata really is nothing more than data about data; a catalog
record is metadata; so is a TEI header, or any other form of description. The
goal of the 1995 OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop was to define a set of data
elements simple enough for authors and publishers to use in describing their own
documents as they put them on the Net, but useful enough to facilitate discovery
and retrieval of these documents by others. This simple metadata could then also
be used by catalogers and other third parties as a starting point for creating
more rigorous or more detailed descriptions.
Linking Florida's Natural History uses species information as
the nexus for pulling together scientific data from museum specimen databases
and library catalogs of scientific literature. The goals of the IMLS funded
project were to integrate specimen records and bibliographic records about the
same species; to create an interface equally easy for scientists, students and
laymen to use; and to enhance bibliographic description to make it more usable
in a taxonomic and environmental context. Although some development was required
to enable Z39.50-based broadcast search across bibliographic and specimen
collections, the bulk of the work was devoted to identifying and overcoming
inconsistencies between the resource description practices of libraries and
museums. Enriching records with taxonomic and geographic information was also a
challenge
When Southbank Institute of TAFE decided to introduce metadata
into the header of all its new web pages, the task was not as simple as first
imagined. Decisions required involved the schema to be used, the vocabulary
supporting the schema and the timeframe given for the project's completion.
Literature reviews added a measure of confusion as they also pointed out the
problems associated with search engines and metadata support. Finally, Southbank
decided on a customised version aimed at its target markets, levels of search
engine support and simplicity. Site activity reports were to be used regularly
to fine-tune the vocabulary to ensure maximum information retrieval occurred
through the website.
29.
Chao-chen Chen , Hsueh-hua Chen , and
Kuang-hua Chen, "The Design of Metadata Interchange for Chinese
Information and Implementation of Metadata Management System".
Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology ,
Vol. 27, No. 5, 2001. http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Jun-01/chen.html
Descriptores
: Metadatos /Intercambio de información/Chino
Resumen:
With the rapid development of the Internet, research on digital
libraries and museums has received worldwide attention, and all developed
countries are supporting this research with great enthusiasm. Taiwan has a rich
cultural heritage with a wide range of world-class treasures. In addition, many
organizations and research institutions in Taiwan possess abundant collections
of rare books, historical remains, artifacts and documents of Taiwanese culture.
In the past, they were not open to the public due to preservation
considerations. Now, through the power of the Internet, we will be able to
present these valuable resources on the World Wide Web. Besides increasing
public exposure, the Web will allow us to preserve the physical resources that
might otherwise be deteriorating.
: Bibliotecas digitales/Gestión de la información/Metadatos
/Acceso a la información
Resumen:
This paper examines the reasons why existing management
practices designed to cope with paper-based data objects appear to be inadequate
for managing digital data objects (DDOs). The research described suggests the
need for a reassessment of the way we view long-term access to DDOs. There is a
need for a shift in emphasis which embraces the fluid nature of such objects and
addresses the multifaceted issues involved in achieving such access. It would
appear from the findings of this research that a conceptual framework needs to
be developed which addresses a range of elements. The research achieved this by
examining the issues facing stakeholders involved in this field; examining the
need for and structure of a new generic conceptual framework, the super-metadata
framework; identifying and discussing the issues central to the development of
such a framework; and justifying the feasibility through the creation of an
interactive cost model and stakeholder evaluation. The wider conceptual
justification for such a framework is discussed and this involves an examination
of the 'public good' argument for the long-term retention of DDOs and the
importance of selection in the management process. The paper concludes by
considering the benefits to practitioners and the role they might play in
testing the feasibility of such a framework. The paper also suggests possible
avenues researchers may wish to consider to develop further the management of
this field. (Note: This paper is derived from the author's Loughborough
University phD thesis, 'Managing long-term access to digital data objects: a
metadata approach', written while holding a research studentship funded by the
Department of Information Science.)
31.
Chudnov, D., Cameron, R., Frumkin, J.,
Singer, R., and Yee, R., "Opening up OpenURLs with Autodiscovery
". Ariadne, No. 43, 2005. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue43/chudnov/
Descriptores
: Acceso abierto/Metadatos
Resumen:
Daniel Chudnov, Richard Cameron, Jeremy Frumkin, Ross Singer
and Raymond Yee demonstrate a 'gather locally, share globally' approach to
OpenURLs and metadata autodiscovery in scholarly and non-scholarly
environments.
32.
Cirocchi, G., Gatta, S., Panciera, L.,
and Seta, E., "Metadati, informazione di qualità e conservazione delle
risorse digitali,". Bolletino AIB, Vol. 40, No. 3, 2000, pp.
309-327. http://www.aib.it/aib/boll/2000/00-3-309.htm
Descriptores
: Metadatos /Documentos
electrónicos/Conservación/Calidad/Recuperación de la información
Resumen:
La crescente attenzione alla tematica dei metadati testimonia
l'attuale tendenza del Web ad evolvere verso una forma più adeguata alla
comunicazione scientifica, strutturata in modo tale da permettere il reperimento
di informazioni 'pertinenti' e tutelate dal punto di vista dell'autenticità e
della sicurezza. Ci si orienta cioè verso un'informazione 'di qualità', le cui
caratteristiche possono essere definite da quattro parole chiave: strutturata,
arricchita da metadati, aggiornata, certificata.
Discusión de las propiedades principales de los recursos
digitales. Se propone una metodología de evaluación de recursos digitales en la
que se identifican los parámetros esenciales que pueden ser objeto de evaluación
y se facilitan indicadores para realizar estimaciones sobre los mismos.
: Metadatos/Acceso a la información/Internet/Open Archives
Initiative/Harvesting metadata
Resumen:
The tradition of union catalogs and similar broad-based,
comprehensive bibliographic utilities and tools is one of long standing in the
discipline of librarianship. As we move towards greater reliance on digital
primary sources, the sharing of information about what we hold in our digital
collections intuitively seems of increasing import and value as a way to
organize and manage the explosion of online information resources. The Open
Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting enables effective and
efficient sharing of digital metadata and is being utilized across a wide
spectrum of disciplines and digital library projects. Experience to date gives
reason for optimism and provides evidence and confirmation that, even as the
technologies we use evolve, the intellectual framework of our tradition persists
and continues to be relevant.
36.
Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries
de Catalunya, "Recomanacions del CBUC per a la catalogació en Dublin
Core de recursos web en bases de dades multidisciplinàries mantingudes per una
institució del CBUC". Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de
Catalunya, 2002. http://www.cbuc.es/5digital/DCdoc2-WebCBUC.doc
A continuació es llisten els 15 elements del Dublin Core per a
la catalogació de recursos web en bases de dades de temàtica multidisciplinària,
especialitzades en la recopilació d'aquest tipus de recurs i mantingudes per una
institució del CBUC (com per exemple: l''Ep!' de la UPC i el 'DinaWeb' de la
UOC). Dins d'aquests elements s'explicita la seva obligatorietat o no, els
seus qualificadors (quan en tenen) tant d'afinament com d'esquemes de
codificació, concrecions per a la seva aplicació i exemples d'ús en HTML.
37.
Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya, "Recomanacions del CBUC
per a l'assignació de metadades Dublin Core en la creació de pàgines web d'una institució
A continuació es llisten els 15 elements del Dublin Core per
a la creació de pàgines web d'una institució del CBUC amb metadades.
Dins d'aquests elements s'explicita els que són aconsellables d'informar per a
una adequada descripció del recurs, recomanacions per a la seva aplicació i
exemples d'ús en HTML.
38.
Craven, T. C., "Description Tags
in Public Home and Linked Pages". LIBRES: Library and Information
Science Research Electronic Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2001. http://libres.curtin.edu.au/LIBRE11N2/craven.htm
Descriptores
: World wide web/Lenguajes de marcas/Metadatos
Resumen:
Random samples of 1,872 web pages registered with Yahoo! and
1,638 pages reachable from Yahoo!-registered pages were analyzed for use of meta
tags and specifically those containing descriptions. Seven hundred
twenty-seven (38.8 percent) of the Yahoo!-registered pages and 442 (27.0
percent) of the other pages included descriptions in meta tags. Some of the
descriptions greatly exceeded typical length guidelines of 150 or two hundred
characters. A relatively small number (ten percent of the registered and seven
percent of the other pages) duplicated exactly phrasing found in the visible
text; most repeated some words and phrases. Contrary to documented advice to
web-page writers, pages with less visible text were less likely to have
descriptions. Keywords were more likely to appear nearer the beginning of a
description than nearer the end. Noun phrases were more common than complete
sentences, especially in non-registered pages.
39.
Craven, T. C., "Variations in
use of meta tag descriptions by Web pages in different subject areas
". Library & information science research, Vol. 26, No. 4,
2004, pp. 448-462 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: World Wide Web/Catalogación/Metadatos/Encabezamientos de
materia
Resumen:
Using the Yahoo! and Google directories, sets of pages from the
top levels of each major subject area were downloaded and analyzed for presence
of meta tag descriptions, lengths of descriptions, and degree of match in
wording of descriptions to the pages' displayed texts and titles. Results for
both directories showed significant differences in proportion of pages with
descriptions and in lengths of descriptions depending on subject area;
specifically, both health categories showed higher proportions with
descriptions. Yahoo!, but not Google, results showed significant differences in
wording matches depending on subject. Little overlap of pages was detected
between the two different directories. Typical long and short descriptions, and
descriptions showing high and low match rates, are briefly discussed.
40.
Crystal, A. and Greenberg, J.,
"Usability of a metadata creation application for resource authors
". Library & information science research, Vol. 27, No. 2,
2005, pp. 177-189. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Usabilidad
Resumen:
This article analyzes resource authors' use of a metadata
creation application at the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences
(NIEHS). Users' behavior was observed as they created metadata, and feedback
about the application was solicited. Data analysis focused on
usabilityspecifically task structure, duration, user perceptions, and researcher
observations. Developing a conceptual understanding of metadata and its use in
retrieval was challenging for users. The study identifies particular interface
elements (e.g., input fields) as well as element semantics and syntax that
impact application usability and metadata creation. Implications for information
architecture and interface design include the need to incorporate metadata
creation into user-centered design processes and develop advanced applications
that reduce the burden on authors.
This article provides an introductory overview of the Metadata
Encoding and Transmission Standard, better known as METS. It will be of most use
to librarians and technical staff who are encountering METS for the first time.
The article contains a brief history of the development of METS, a primer
covering the basic structure and content of METS documents, and a discussion of
several issues relevant to the implementation and continuing development of METS
including object models, extension schemata, and application profiles.
: Metadatos/Cataluña/Administración regional/Gobierno
electronico/World wide web
Resumen:
Propuesta de metadatos para la web de la 'Generalitat de
Catalunya'. Participar en el equipo de desarrollo de la nueva web, con una clara
orientación a los ciudadanos y a la atención de sus necesidades de información y
de servicios públicos. La aportación de Doc6 se ha concretado en: Una taxonomía
temática, a partir de una lista no estructurada de más de 5.200 términos Una
propuesta de metadatos
New teaching and new educational methods, in particular online
learning, are now reality. In this context, libraries will increasingly be the
mediators to digital as well as physical objects. This paper explores the
question of metadata and collaborative cataloguing activities and how these
might impact on the libraries of the future.
: Enseñanza a distancia/Bibliotecas/Catálogos
automatizados/Metadatos
Resumen:
New teaching and new educational methods, in particular online
learning, are now reality. In this context, libraries will increasingly be the
mediators to digital as well as physical objects. This paper explores the
question of metadata and collaborative cataloguing activities and how these
might impact on the libraries of the future.
: Turismo/Metadatos/Recuperación de la
información/Internet
Resumen:
El uso de esquemas normalizados de metadatos se presenta
hoy como una de las alternativas más prometedoras para garantizar la
representación y posterior recuperación de los recursos de información
almacenados en la Red, En este trabajo se aborda la utilización de metadatos en
la descripción de los recursos de información del portal Cuba.cu, con el
objetivo de aumentar su visibilidad y ayudar a los buscadores (interno y
externos) en la recuperación de la información contenida en el
mismo.
46.
Day, M., "Metadata: E-print
Services and Long-term Access to the Record of Scholarly and Scientific
Research". Ariadne, No. 28, 2001. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue28/metadata/
Descriptores
: Metadatos /Bibliotecas universitarias/Preservación/Acceso
a la información/Open Archives Initiative
Resumen:
Michael Day looks at the long-term preservation implications of
one of the OAI protocol's potential applications - e-print
services
Michael Day returns to the topic of an earlier metadata column
and reviews recent activities related to the development of metadata schemes for
digital preservation.
: Metadatos /Imágenes/Recuperación de la
información
Resumen:
Image-based information is a key component of human progress in
a number of distinct subject domains and digital image retrieval is a
fast-growing research area with regard to both still and moving images. In order
to address some relevant issues the Second UK Conference on Image Retrieval -
the Challenge of Image Retrieval (CIR 99) was held in Newcastle upon Tyne on the
25 and 26 February 1999. Participants included both researchers and
practitioners in the area of image retrieval.
The Metadata Workshop held in Luxembourg on the 12 April was
the third in an ongoing series of such meetings. The first Metadata Workshop was
held in December 1997 and included a tutorial on metadata provided by UKOLN,
some project presentations and break-out sessions on various metadata issues.
The second workshop, held in June 1998, concentrated more on technical and
strategic issues. Around 50 people attended the third workshop, mostly drawn
from organisations involved in European Union funded projects supplemented by a
few Commission staff.
: Control de autoridades/Metadatos /Encabezamientos de
materia
Resumen:
The enormous volume and rapid growth of resources available on
the World Wide Web as well as the emergence of numerous metadata schemas have
spurred a re-examination of the way subject data are provided for Web resources.
There is broad agreement that a subject schema for metadata must exhibit both
simplicity and interoperability.
: Metadatos/Encabezamientos de materia/Library of Congress
Subject Headings/Dublin Core
Resumen:
The Library of Congress Subject Headings schema (LCSH) is the
most commonly used and widely accepted subject vocabulary for general
application. It is the de facto universal controlled vocabulary and has been a
model for developing subject heading systems by many countries. However, LCSH's
complex syntax and rules for constructing headings restrict its application by
requiring highly skilled personnel
and limit the effectiveness of automated authority control.
52.
Desrichard, Y., "Les Formats et
normes de catalogage : évolutions et perspectives". Bulletin des
bibliothèques de France, Vol. 43, No. 3, 1998 , pp. 56-65. http://www.enssib.fr/bbf/bbf-98-3/11-desrichard.pdf
Descriptores
: Catalogación/Internet/AACR2/Reglas de
catalogación/Transliteración/Catálogos automatizados/Metadatos
Resumen:
El Joint Steering Committee para la revisión de las reglas de
caralogación Anglo-americanas (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules) ha celebrado
una conferencia en Toronto durante 1997. Sus puntos fundamentales han tratado a
cerca de la evolución de las reglas de catalogación en general, y de las AACR en
particular. La evolución de la noción de catalogación y de sus prácticas han
sido el centro de las ponencias y debates. La 'navegación' hipertextual en los
catálogos, la creación de metadatos incluidos en los propios documentos
electrónicos, evolución de la noción de autoridad, la creación de un grupo de
carácteres tipográficos 'universal' permitirán solucionar los problemas de
transliteración.
: Metadatos /World wide web/Recuperación de la
información/Internet/Arquitectura de la información
Resumen:
El propósito de este informe es poner de manifiesto las
dificultades que entraña el despliegue efectivo del Web Semántico e identificar
los acuerdos y realizaciones alcanzadas. Indicaremos las dificultades
relacionadas con la recuperación de información en el Web "sintáctico" actual y
la propuesta del W3C como solución a estos problemas. Comentaremos las
recomendaciones y propuestas de lenguajes conceptuales, valorando su aportación
al Web semántico, y las principales discrepancias y cuestiones abiertas en
el desarrollo de las especificaciones. Se considerarán otras tecnologías e
infraestructuras, los perfiles de aplicación y los registros de esquemas,
importantes para la creación y utilización de registros de metadatos en
diferentes comunidades, el descubrimiento de recursos y el establecimiento de
correspondencias entre distintos formatos que permiten la interoperabilidad
entre aplicaciones.
: Metadatos /Recuperación de la información/Orientación a
objetos
Resumen:
In the last few decades, notions of computer science have
undergone a number of paradigm shifts. Underlying the majority of these is the
concept of object-orientation, namely the recognition that the decoupling of
data and the code that acts upon them, is based on an artificial distinction,
and that models which combine the data and code into distinct 'objects' offer
both more intuitive and a functionally richer conceptual entities. This paradigm
shift can be particularly seen in three areas: programming languages, databases
and user-interfaces. Within programming, the evolution has been from procedural
based languages where the code was encapsulated within procedures and kept
separate from the data, to object-oriented languages where the program is built
up of self contained 'objects' which encapsulate both the data and the actions
of the items being modeled. A similar shift has occurred in database
development, where it has been recognized that it is often not appropriate to
separate the data from the business processes that act upon them, and it is
better to store the processes with the data, not least for preserving integrity
of the data. Both of these paradigm shifts have occurred at a level not usually
perceived by the end user, but these have, however, provided the foundations for
a shift in the metaphors of the user interface, namely the move from
application-centric to object-oriented, or more descriptively, document-centric
user interfaces. Whereas in the past the user was aware of both the data, in the
form of files or documents, and the tools required to work with that data, in
the form of applications, in a document-centric user interface, the user is
merely aware of the documents, and the document itself is responsible for
running the code or application appropriate to the nature of the data and the
task in hand.
55.
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative,
"Preguntas frecuentes sobre la DCMI [Frequently Asked Questions]
(FAQ)". Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, 2006. http://es.dublincore.org/resources/faq/
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Dublin Core
Resumen:
¿Qué son los metadatos? ¿Dónde están los metadatos en el sitio
web del Dublin Core? ¿Qué es un recurso? ¿Qué es la recuperación de recursos en
Internet [resource discovery]? ¿Qué es la Iniciativa de Metadatos Dublin Core?
¿Qué es el Dublin Core?
Extensible Markup Language (XML) es un formato de texto simple,
muy flexible derivado de SGML (ISO 8879). Diseñado originalmente para resolver
los desafíos de la publicación electrónica, XML también está desempeñando un
papel cada vez más importante en el intercambio de una variedad amplia de datos
sobre el Web.
Metadata schema and standards are now a part of the information
landscape. Librarianship has slowly realized that MARC is only one of a
proliferation of metadata standards, and that MARC has many pros and cons
related to its age, original conception, and biases. Should librarianship
continue to promote the MARC standard? Are there better metadata standards out
there that are more robust, user-friendly, and dynamic in the organization and
presentation of information? This special issue examines current initiatives
that are actively incorporating MARC standards and concepts into new metadata
schemata, while also predicting a future where MARC may not be the metadata
schema of choice for the organization and description of information.
58.
EGadd, l., Oppenheim, C., and Probets,
S., "The RoMEO Project: Protecting metadata in an open access
environment". Ariadne, No. 36, 2003. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue36/romeo/
Elizabeth Gadd, Charles Oppenheim and Steve Probets describe
how the RoMEO Project is seeking to safeguard freely available metadata
disclosed and harvested under the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. The Open
Archives Initiative's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) enables the
'disclosure' of metadata by Data Providers and the harvesting of that metadata
by Service Providers. Although there is nothing to stop commercial providers
from utilising this open-source protocol, it has its roots in the open access
community and as such is used by many open archives. These include subject-based
archives such as ArXiv, CogPrints , and the increasing number of Institutional
Repositories, many of which have been established as a result of funding via the
UK JISC FAIR (Focus on Access to Institutional Repositories) programme
Metadata standards existing today range from very complex to
very simple. Relative simplicity or complexity of metadata standards depends in
large part on the resources for which they were created and the depth of
description that is deemed necessary to make these resources accessible. This
paper reviews the differences between metadata standards and current cataloging
practices, and discusses how the various metadata standards are applied in
libraries. In addressing these issues, the authors introduce definitions of key
concepts of metadata and cataloging standards and provide an overview of the
most common metadata schemes. The discussion of current cataloging practices
includes an overview of the most commonly used cataloging practices and
standards, the impact of metadata on library practice and the role of librarians
related to metadata. The authors will discuss the OHIOLINK Electronic Thesis and
Dissertations (ETD) as an example of how Anglo-American Cataloging Rules 2nd
(AACR2) and Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC21) are used as metadata to store,
describe and access this unique information resource.
60.
Ercegovac, Z., "Introduction :
Integrating multiple overlapping metadata standards". Journal of
the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 50, No. 13, 1999, pp.
1165-1168. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Internet/World wide web/Bibliotecas digitales/Recuperación
de la información/Normalización/Metadatos/Información geoespacial
Resumen:
Los Metadatos son un componente crítico en el contexto de la
representación del conocimiento y explotación de datos en bibliotecas digitales.
Actualmente las bibliotecas en entornos digitales, albergan colecciones de
elementos muy heterogéneos que necesitan unificarse y normalizarse como un único
recurso, sin embargo asistimos a la presentación de diferentes sistemas de
metadatos, esperanzados de que haya una unificación de las características entre
las normas que se solapan. El fín de de estos es facilitar el acceso a la
información, en función de las necesidades de los usuarios. Este número especial
de JASIS se centra en diferentes aplicaciones de las normas sobre metadatos como
puede ser sobre información a la comunidad (geoespacial), educación, gestión de
datos y recuperación de información en bibliotecas digitales
61.
Erdmann, M., Fensel, D., Horrocks, I.,
Klein, M., and Melnik, S., "The Semantic Web - on the respective Roles
of XML and RDF". OIL: The Ontology Inference Layer, 2004. http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/downl/IEEE00.pdf
Descriptores
: Web semántica/XML/Metadatos
Resumen:
The next generation of the Web is often characterized as the
"Semantic Web": information will no longer only be intended for human readers,
but also for processing by machines, enabling intelligent information services,
personalized Web-sites, and semantically empowered search-engines. The Semantic
Web requires interoperability on the semantic level. Semantic interoperability
requires standards not only for the syntactic form of documents, but also for
the semantic content. Proposals aiming at semantic interoperability are the
results of recent W3C standardization efforts, notably XML/XML Schema and
RDF/RDF Schema. In this paper, we make the following claims: · A further
representation and inference layer is needed on top of the currently available
layers of the WWW. · To establish such a layer, we propose a general method for
encoding arbitrary ontology representation languages into RDF/RDF Schema. · We
illustrate the extension method by applying it to a particular ontology
representation and inference language (OIL).
62.
Estivill Rius, A., "Recursos web
i metadades: informe del projecte". BiD : Biblioteconomía y
Documentació, No. 7, 2001. http://www.ub.es/biblio/bid/07estiv1.htm
Descriptores
: Documentos electrónicos/Metadatos /Acceso a la
información
Resumen:
El projecte Recursos web i metadades, que ha comptat amb
una ajuda econòmica de la Divisió V per a projectes de recerca, es plantejà amb
l'objectiu principal de comprovar les dificultats d'aplicació del sistema de
metadades DC a la descripció de les pàgines d'un lloc web universitari i
l'efectivitat d'aquestes metadades tant per a la descripció de recursos web com
per a la seva ulterior cerca i recuperació. Per al desenvolupament del projecte
s'han adaptat i desenvolupat una sèrie d'eines de les quals també es vol
comprovar l'eficàcia. En aquest informe s'explica el desenvolupament del
projecte, el seu estat el novembre de 2001 i també les eines desenvolupades.
63.
Fenoll Clarabuch, C. and Llueca
Fonollosa, C., "L'avaluació de webs d'ajuntament: presentació d'una
eina d'anàlisi i estat de la qüestió a les comarques de Girona ".
ITEM : Revista de Biblioteconomía i Documentació, Vol. 29, 2001, pp.
57-80. http://www.cobdc.org/publica/item/item29.html
Descriptores
: Administración municipal/Gobierno electronico/World Wide
Web/Análisis del contenido/Gestión del espacio/Internet/Evaluación/Recuperación
de la información/Difusión de la información/Metadatos
Resumen:
Anàlisi dels continguts i de la gestió dels lloc web dels
ajuntaments de les comarques de Girona. Els ajuntaments catalans s'estan fent
visibles a Internet, amb l'oferta de serveis que els són propis. L'estudi té una
doble vessant. D'una banda, s'ha confeccionat una taula d'avaluació per a llocs
web d'ajuntament, extrapolable a d'altres anàlisis, que es basa en les
possibilitats de gestió de la web i l'interès que té per als ciutadans. De
l'altra, es presenta l'estat de la qüestió a la província de Girona a 1 de gener
de 2001. L'estudi destaca greus deficiències, com la falta de interactivitat amb
els ciutadans, la manca d'un bon sistema de recuperació i difusió de les pàgines
web i la gairebé inexistència d'ús dels llenguatges d'autodescripció estàndards.
Finalment, l'article conclou amb un seguit de propostes que poden tenir presents
els responsables dels ajuntaments electrònics per millorar-los.
64.
Fraga Medín, C. A., Bojo Canales, C., and
Hernández Villegas, S., "
: Metadatos/Revistas electrónicas /Acceso
abierto/Recuperación de la información/Búsquedas/Ciencias de la salud
Resumen:
El modelo SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library on-Line) es un
repositorio open access centrado
en la edición de contenidos científicos. Se describe su metodología, principales
componentes y herramientas para búsqueda y recuperación de información.
Asimismo, se analiza el caso concreto de SciELO-España, especializado en revistas españolas de ciencias
de la salud: historia, evolución y perspectivas de futuro.
65.
García Martínez , A. M.,
"Definición y estilo de los objetos de información digitales y metadatos para
la descripción". Boletín de la Asociación Andaluza de
Bibliotecarios, Vol. 16, No. 63, 2001, pp. 23-47. http://www.aab.es/pdfs/baab63/63a2.pdf
Descriptores
: Recuperación de la información/SGML /Metadatos
/Normalización/Formatos documentales
Resumen:
Los sistemas de recuperación de información, que están en
continua evolución debido al avance tecnológico, condicionan los modelos de
recuperación de información, que provocan distintas líneas de investigación en
este campo de especialización. Una de estas líneas se sitúa en la evolución
conceptual/procedimental, en la descripción de recursos para su localización o
recuperación, nos referimos a los metadatos; aunque éstos se aplican a la
descripción de recursos en red, no dejan de contribuir al mismo presupuesto que
el de las técnicas de indización, puesto que en realidad se describe un objeto o
recurso con la finalidad de recuperarlo, por lo que puede tener su campo de
aplicación en documentos u objetos estructurados independientemente de su
entorno de circulación.
: Bibliotecas digitales/Bases de datos /Catálogos
automatizados/Metadatos /Clasificación Decimal de Dewey
Resumen:
The Colorado Digitization Project (CDP), begun in the fall of
1998, is a collaborative initiative involving Colorado's archives, historical
societies, libraries, and museums. The project is creating a union catalog of
metadata records and has developed tools for the creators of metadata records,
the assignment of subject headings, and the use of name headings. The CDP is
also investigating the use of Dewey Decimal Classification numbers through
WebDewey to allow linkage of general subject terms and highly specialized
subject terms within a subject browse feature of the union
catalog.
67.
Gilliland-Swetland, A. J., Kafai, Y. B.,
and Landis, W. E., "Application of Dublin Core metadata in the
description of digital primary sources in elementary school
classrooms". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science, Vol. 51, No. 2, 2000, pp. 193-201. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Archivos/Internet/Documentos
electrónicos/Descripción de archivos/EAD/Dublin Core
Resumen:
Se evalúa la habilidad de los estudiantes de cuarto y quinto de
Ciencias y Ciencias Sociales para aplicar los metadatos Dublin Core para
describir sus propias imágenes para su inclusión en un archivo digital. Se
eligió Dublin Core porque proporciona una sistemática, y no obstante sencilla
manera de que que los estudiantes puedan describir aquellos recursos en función
del nivel de la colección de fuentes primarias para archivos utilizando EAD
(Encoded Archival Description). La investigación puso de manifiesto que mientras
los estudiantes pueden poner aquellos elementos simples como la materia y el
título con relativa facilidad, tienen mayor dificultad cuando tienen que
utilizar elementos descriptivos más específicos. Los estudiantes tienen gran
problema de distinción entre los elementos específicos, pero distinguen
perfectamente entre los elementos fundamentales de los metadatos como el título,
la materia y la descripción.
68.
Godby, C. J., "What Do
Application Profiles Reveal about the Learning Object Metadata
Standard?". Ariadne, No. 41, 2004. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue41/godby/
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Normalización
Resumen:
Carol Jean Godby assesses the customised subsets of metadata
elements that have been defined by 35 projects using the LOM standard to
describe e-learning resources.
69.
Gorman, M., "Control o Caos
Bibliográfico: Un Programa para los Servicios Bibliográficos Nacionales del
Siglo XXI". Anales de Documentación, Vol. 6, 2003. http://www.um.es/fccd/anales/ad06/ad0618.pdf
Ponencia presentada en el 67º Congreso General y Consejo de la
IFLA, Boston, USA, 16-25 de agosto de 2001. El autor describe las iniciativas
llevadas a cabo durante los últimos 30 años para conseguir el Control
Bibliográfico Universal a través de la normalización internacional de las reglas
y formatos de catalogación y afirma que, aunque no hay razón en principio para
que no se apliquen a documentos y recursos electrónicos, se trata de una tarea
difícil de llevar a cabo por motivos de tipo práctico. Se indica que la idea de
catalogar Internet es no sólo insostenible sino también indeseable, puesto que
la mayoría de los contenidos de Internet no merecen ni el gasto ni el tiempo que
cuesta catalogarlos. Se critica el concepto de metadato, especialmente el uso
del Dublin Core, para describir documentos electrónicos cuyos atributos no
difieren de otros formatos documentales y, por lo tanto, pueden catalogarse de
forma que los registros bibliográficos resultantes puedan integrarse
completamente en los catálogos de las bibliotecas.
For this fourth column in the IT I-V (information technology
interview) series participants actively engaged or interested in the metadata
harvesting protocol of the open archives initiative were interviewed. The
metadata harvesting initiative targets information generally inaccessible
through standard browser searches, such as information stored in databases or
within library online public access catalogs. We selected this topic as an
information technology-based initiative with the potential to provide
information about the usefulness of metadata: in particular the Dublin Core
metadata standard, but also about other metadata standards, as the protocol
design supports community-specific schemas as well. The group interviewed
represents developers, commercial information providers, funders, and members of
the scholarly publishing community. Along with learning about the interests and
concerns of each of these stakeholders and about specific applications of the
protocol, we identify potential questions that will ultimately need to be
addressed.
Now that metadata is a hot topic in the information retrieval
literature, becoming a cataloger is no longer a vocational blunder, because the
definition of cataloging is in transition. On one hand, we see a trend toward
industrializing the work in order to increase productivity and decrease costs.
On the other hand, there is a new focus on the fundamental principles of
bibliographic description and a strong desire to modify the theory and practice
of cataloging work to better serve the information discovery and retrieval needs
of our users.
This paper describes the Metadata Object Description Schema
(MODS), its accompanying documentation and some of its applications. It reviews
the MODS user guidelines provided by the Library of Congress and how they enable
a user of the schema to consistently apply MODS as a metadata scheme. Because
the schema itself could not fully document appropriate usage, the guidelines
provide element definitions, history, relationships with other elements, usage
conventions, and examples. Short descriptions of some MODS applications are
given and a more detailed discussion of its use in the Library of Congress's
Minerva project for Web archiving is given.
73.
Guy, M., Powell, A., and Day, M.,
"Improving the Quality of Metadata in Eprint Archives".
Ariadne, No. 38, 2003. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue38/guy/
Marieke Guy, Andy Powell and Michael Day address the
argument that the usefulness of OAI service providers is directly influenced by
the consistency and accuracy of the harvested metadata on which they are based.
They suggest a number of quality assurance procedures that may improve the
standard of metadata in eprint archives.
OAIster, at the University of Michigan, University Libraries,
Digital Library Production Service (DLPS), is an Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
grant-funded project designed to test the feasibility of using the Open Archives
Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) to harvest digital object
metadata from multiple and varied digital object repositories and develop a
service to allow end-users to access that metadata. This article describes
in-depth the development of our system to harvest, store, transform the metadata
into Digital Library eXtension Service (DLXS) Bibliographic Class format, build
indexes and make the metadata searchable through an interface using the XPAT
search engine. Results of the testing of our service and statistics on usage are
reported, as well as the issues that we have encountered during our harvesting
and transformation operations. The article closes by discussing the future
improvements and potential of OAIster and the OAI-PMH protocol.
The MetaScholar Initiative is a collaborative endeavor to
explore the feasibility and utility of scholarly portal services developed in
conjunction with Open Archives Initiative (OAI) metadata harvesting
technologies. The MetaScholar Initiative comprises two projects, the MetaArchive
and AmericanSouth projects, both funded by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation totaling $600,000. These two projects have created two metadata
aggregation networks connecting some 24 libraries, archives, museums, and
electronic text centers. Each network has an associated portal being created
under the guidance of teams composed of scholars, librarians, archivists, and
technologists. The MetaScholar Initiative is studying issues such as metadata
normalization, alternative forms of scholarly communication through portals, and
the process of facilitating smaller archival institutions in providing better
access to their collections through the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
(OAI-PMH). The MetaScholar Initiative is based at Emory University in Atlanta,
Georgia.
: Difusión de la información/Normalización/Metadatos
/Internet /Recuperación de la información
Resumen:
achel Heery and Manjula Patel introduce a means of establishing
a common approach to sharing information between implementators and standards
makers. This paper introduces application profiles as a type of metadata schema.
We use application profiles as a way of making sense of the differing
relationship that implementors and namespace managers have towards metadata
schema, and the different ways they use and develop schema. The idea of
application profiles grew out of UKOLN's work on the DESIRE project, and since
then has proved so helpful to us in our discussions of schemas and registries
that we want to throw it out for wider discussion in the run-up to the DC8
Workshop in Ottawa in October.
A questionnaire survey was e-mailed to various institutions in
Australia hosting digital collections. Nineteen institutions, including
libraries, museums, archives, and other bodies, responded to the survey,
representing a wide range of digital resources. It was found that metadata
format standards are more concentrated than might have been expected, whereas
the reasons given for their selection vary considerably. The relationship
between format and content standards is quite close; supplementary, in-house
guidelines are prevalent, as are controlled vocabularies. Only a few
institutions had added to their collections by importing other digital resources
together with metadata. Most institutions are working towards interoperability
in specific ways, but these ways vary in two important respects. First, some
institutions focus on internal interoperability, while others emphasise
cross-institutional development. Second, in terms of how to achieve
interoperability, some institutions emphasise adherence to metadata standards,
while other stress the way in which new technologies can work with divergent
metadata formats and content. A graph of interoperability is constructed from
the survey responses, reflecting these different positions.
El Glosario DCMI es un esfuerzo conjunto del Comité para la
Guía de Uso, con especial agradecimiento a Gail Clement y Pete Winn, cuyo
glosario original fue la base de esta versión. Los términos incluidos en este
glosario se basan en los documentos de la DCMI, las presentaciones en las
conferencias del DC, y en las discusiones de la lista DC General. Se agradecen
aquellos comentarios y opiniones [feedback] relacionados con la adición,
eliminación o cambio de los términos y definiciones que se dan a
continuación.
Se pretende que este documento sea como un punto de acceso para
los usuarios del Dublin Core. A los no especialistas, les ayudará en la creación
de registros descriptivos simples para fuentes de información (por ejemplo,
documentos electrónicos). Los especialistas encontrarán el documento como un
punto de referencia útil para la documentación del Dublin Core, con sus cambios
y ampliaciones.
This document is intended as an entry point for users of Dublin
Core. For non-specialists, it will assist them in creating simple descriptive
records for information resources (for example, electronic documents).
Specialists may find the document a useful point of reference to the
documentation of Dublin Core, as it changes and grows
: Metadatos /Dublin Core/Recuperación de la
información/Internet
Resumen:
Aquest document
està pensat com a punt d'entrada dels usuaris
del Dublin Core. Ajudarà els no especialistes a
crear registres descriptius simples de recursos d'informació (per exemple,
documents electrònics). Els especialistes poden
trobar en el document un punt de referència útil
per a la documentació del Dublin Core, a mesura que aquesta canvia i creix.
In the age of digital information the issue of metadata has
been become more crucial than ever before. Although this is not new as a
phenomenon in itself it is new as a term in relation to record keeping and
archival management. In the world of paper records archival description (i.e.
preparing finding aids at different levels of aggregation) is an important
activity. To a certain extent archival description has to do with metadata too.
As such it can be characterised as an activity with a retrospective view in the
sense that records already exist and are being described when they are managed
by an archival institution. The objectives are to improve access, to reflect the
arrangement (structure) of the records, and to enable the ongoing understanding
of (archival) records.
: Metadatos/Documentos electrónicos/Recuperación de la
información/Internet
Resumen:
The proliferation in electronic resources over the past decade
has been accompanied by intense activity in the development and application of
metadata schemas. Recognizing that growth, and understanding the need for some
direction in the selection and use of metadata standards, the IFLA Cataloguing
Section Working Group on the Use of Metadata Schemas drafted a report for
Worldwide Review (2003-04), inviting comment on recommendations deriving from
three objectives that formed the Working Group's terms of reference. This paper
discusses responses to the review and, based on that feedback, offers
suggestions for some possible next-steps. The need for a "core record" framework
requires further exploration as a standard (?), as a basic set of elements
for legal deposit (?), as the raison d'être for a generation of software tools
that can extract and/or generate an essential metadata record (?).
: Metadatos/Documentos electrónicos/Recuperación de la
información/Internet
Resumen:
La proliferación de recursos electrónicos en la última década
ha venido acompañada de una intensa actividad en el desarrollo y aplicación de
esquemas de metadatos. Teniendo en cuenta este crecimiento, y la necesidad de
establecer directrices para la selección y uso de los estándares de metadatos,
el Grupo de Trabajo sobre el Uso de Esquemas de Metadatos de la Sección de
Catalogación de la IFLA redactó un informe para revisión mundial (2003-04) que
invitaba a comentar las recomendaciones derivadas de los tres objetivos dentro
del marco de actuación del Grupo de Trabajo. Este estudio discute las respuestas
a la revisión y, aprovechando ese feedback, ofrece sugerencias para seguir
avanzando. La necesidad de un marco para los "registros básicos" ("core record")
requiere de más investigación como estándar (?), como conjunto básico de
elementos para el Depósito Legal (?), como razón de ser de una generación de
herramientas de software que puedan extraer y/o generar un registro básico de
metadatos.
: Metadatos/Australia/Encabezamientos de
materia/Portales
Resumen:
Web-enabled subject gateways provide access to collections of
high quality resources in a particular subject area. Descriptions of carefully
selected and evaluated documents, objects, or sites uniquely identify and link
to digital content. As this paper will examine, determining the focus and
corresponding content for a subject gateway will necessarily influence the
subsequent selection of metadata structures and schemas. Other
considerations relating to metadata granularity and interoperability will also
be assessed. The discussion will conclude with an analysis of challenges and
future trends regarding the use of metadata schemas in subject
gateways.
: Metadatos/Australia/Encabezamientos de
materia/Portales
Resumen:
Las pasarelas temáticas habilitadas para la Web brindan acceso
a colecciones de recursos de alta calidad en un área temática específica. Las
descripciones de documentos, objetos o sitios cuidadosamente seleccionados y
evaluados identifican unívocamente el contenido digital y enlazan con él. Según
analizará esta ponencia, la determinación del objetivo y del contenido
correspondiente para una pasarela temática influirá necesariamente en la
selección subsiguiente de estructuras y modelos de metadatos. También se
evaluarán otras consideraciones relativas al nivel de detalle e
interoperatividad de los metadatos. La exposición concluirá con un análisis de
los desafíos y las tendencias futuras con respecto al uso de modelos de
metadatos en las pasarelas temáticas.
The paper will examine the changes in the environment in
which AACR2 now operates. These include the growth in electronic publishing and
the use of the Internet, and the increasing development and use of a range of
other metadata standards, such as the Dublin Core. AACR2 and other metadata
standards (in particular the Dublin Core) will be compared; it will be argued
that AACR2 should continue be used for describing a particular subset of
Web-based resources. Criteria for deciding whether to use AACR2 for electronic
resources or a Dublin Core based metadata standard will be defined, drawing on
the experiences of a collaborative working group set up by two Brisbane
universities to develop mechanisms for providing access to electronic resources.
Different options for providing access to Internet resources will be evaluated.
These options include catalogue-only access, access through subject gateways,
and a combination of the two. The option chosen by the Brisbane universities
will be outlined. The latest set of revisions to the rules in AACR2 for
cataloguing electronic resources (resulting from decisions made through 2000)
will be described. Possible near-term and longer-term revisions will also be
explored.
88.
Huxley, L., Place, E., Boyd, D., and
Cross, P., "Planet SOSIG - A spring-clean for SOSIG: a systematic
approach to collection management". Ariadne, No. 33, 2002. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue33/planet-sosig/
Descriptores
: Gestión de la colección/Fuentes de
información/Internet/Metadatos /Clasificación bibliográfica
Resumen:
The core of the SOSIG service, the Internet Catalogue, now
holds over 21,000 structured metadata records describing Internet resources
relevant to social science teaching, learning and research. Established in 1994,
SOSIG is one of the longest-running subject gateways in Europe. Our section
editors have been seeking out, evaluating and describing social science Internet
resources, developing the collection so that it now covers 17 top-level subject
headings with over 1000 sub-sections. Given the dynamic nature of the Internet,
and the Web in particular, collection development is a major task. Collection
management (i.e. weeding out broken links, checking and updating records) at
this scale can also be something of a challenge.
: Bibliotecas
digitales/Sistemas bibliotecarios/Sistemas de información/Diseño/Metadatos
Resumen:
La producción bibliográfica sobre las bibliotecas digitales se
está incrementando de forma espectacular. El objetivo del presente trabajo es
analizar las principales definiciones existentes sobre este tipo de bibliotecas
y presentar los problemas a los que se enfrentan , todo ello con el fin de
proporcionar una visión general de la situación
Starting points for cataloging and bibliographic control are
assumptions that "the goal of libraries is to serve their patrons," and that
documents should be identifiable individually as well as grouped with related
items in an array from which patrons can choose what they wish. But, like all
human endeavors, libraries and the world around them do not stand still.
Ranganathan observed that "the library is a growing organism," which prompts us
to consider change a fundamental value. Years later, Marshall McLuhan observed
that "the medium is the message," highlighting the power and impact of physical
form on the information it contained. Despite the author's strongly held belief
in the value of standards and uniformity, which has made the exchange of
computerized bibliographic data possible, she suggests libraries must move
beyond accepting those values unconditionally to a new position in which
customization assumes a higher priority. She looks to the world of commerce to
explore potentially useful new approaches to cataloging and metadata.
: Metadatos /Recuperación de la
información/Internet
Resumen:
Se presenta el Government Information Locator Service, una de
las nuevas tecnologías de información adoptada por su naturaleza estratégica
para solucionar la desorganización de Internet y las insuficiencias de los
motores de búsqueda. Basada en el principio del metadato, esta norma
norteamericana propone un servicio de localización de información que permite
descubrir, identificar, describir y acceder, directamente, a los recursos de
información disponibles en Internet a partir de normas internacionales de
búsqueda e intercambio de información. Asimismo, se da a conocer el Localizador
de Información de salud, una aplicación del Government Information Locator
Service en el sector de salud latinoamericano, proyecto desarrollado por el
Sistema Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud, a
fin de adecuarse a las actuales necesidades derivadas de la implantación del
nuevo paradigma de sistema de información que representa Internet y de mejorar
la eficiencia de la recuperación de información.
: Metadatos /Recuperación de la
información/Internet
Resumen:
Se presenta el Government Information Locator Service, una de
las nuevas tecnologías de información adoptada por su naturaleza estratégica
para solucionar la desorganización de Internet y las insuficiencias de los
motores de búsqueda. Basada en el principio del metadato, esta norma
norteamericana propone un servicio de localización de información que permite
descubrir, identificar, describir y acceder, directamente, a los recursos de
información disponibles en Internet a partir de normas internacionales de
búsqueda e intercambio de información. Asimismo, se da a conocer el Localizador
de Información de salud, una aplicación del Government Information Locator
Service en el sector de salud latinoamericano, proyecto desarrollado por el
Sistema Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud, a
fin de adecuarse a las actuales necesidades derivadas de la implantación del
nuevo paradigma de sistema de información que representa Internet y de mejorar
la eficiencia de la recuperación de información.
Pete Johnston reports on the the OCLC/SCURL 'New Directions in
Metadata' conference, 15-16 August, Edinburgh. The problem of 'navigating a rich
and complex information landscape' took on a new dimension as I traversed
Edinburgh's High Street on a bright Thursday morning at the height of the
Festival. Fielding a barrage of enthusiastic invitations to attend a bewildering
range of performances, I headed across town to the University for the 'New
Directions in Metadata' conference, organised jointly by OCLC and SCURL.
Discusses the development and implications of electronic
resource description systems, including the familiar library standard, the MARC
Format, and the newly developing Resource Description Format (RDF), as well as
other non-library markup languages such as XML, HTML, SGML, etc. Explains the
differences between content and container, and the kinds of rules needed for
describing each. Closes by outlining clearly why it is important for librarians
to reach out beyond the library community and participate in the development of
metadata standards.
97.
Jul, E., "MARC And Mark-Up:
Different Metadata Containers For Different Purposes". Cataloging
& classification quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 3-4, 2003, pp. 141-154. http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=317848
Descriptores
: MARC /Metadatos/Catalogación/XML
Resumen:
This presentation surveys the form and function of MARC format
records and emerging alternatives. Key topics include the fundamentals of
mark-up languages, key features of XML (eXtensible Mark-up Language), the role
of RDF (Resource Description Framework), and various metadata schemes. The
discussion focuses on implications and applications for library systems,
services, workflow, staffing, end users, and continuing education for
librarians.
98.
Kasparova, N. and Shwartsman, M.,
"Creación de la base de metadatos de recursos electrónicos en Rusia:
problemas y perspectivas". IFLA Council and General Conference,
No. 66, 2000. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla66/papers/139-168s.htm
Descriptores
: Documentos electrónicos/Internet/Metadatos /Bases de
datos/Rusia/Países del Este
Resumen:
En Rusia el problema de la catalogación de recursos
electrónicos es uno de los más urgentes. En este país el problema es tan
complicado como en cualquier otra parte del mundo. Mientras que el número de
recursos electrónicos crece de manera constante, las bibliotecas que los
catalogan continúan siendo muy pocas. Y las que lo hacen utilizan reglas,
formatos bibliográficos y tecnologías muy variadas -¡en alguna biblioteca
incluso hay un catálogo de fichas de recursos Internet! En 1998, especialistas
de la Russian State Library prepararon un manual metodológico - 'Bibliographic
Description of Electronic Resources'- y la primera edición del estándar nacional
correspondiente, basado en las recomendaciones del estándar internacional -ISBD
(ER).
: Catalogación/Internet/Lenguajes de marcas/Recuperación de
la información/XML/MARC/Metadatos
Resumen:
This paper describes the MARCXML architecture implemented at
the Library of Congress. It gives an overview of the component pieces of the
architecture, including the MARCXML schema and the MARCXML toolkit, while giving
a brief tutorial on their use. Several different applications of the
architecture and tools are discussed to illustrate the features of the toolkit
being developed thus far. Nearly any metadata format can take advantage of the
features of the toolkit, and the process of the toolkit enabling a new format is
discussed. Finally, this paper intends to foster new ideas with regards to the
transformation of descriptive metadata, especially using XML tools. In this
paper the following conventions will be used: MARC21 will refer to MARC 21
records in the ISO 2709 record structure used today; MARCXML will refer to MARC
21 records in an XML structure.
100.
Kelly, B., "The evolution of Web
protocols". Journal of documentation, Vol. 55, No. 1, 1999, pp.
71-81.
Descriptores
: Internet/World wide web/Metadatos/Protocolos de
comunicaciones/SGML/Acceso a la información/Derecho a la intimidad
Resumen:
Evolución de los protocolos de World Wide Web. El artículo
revisa los protocolos originales desarrollados para la Web, dedicados al
transporte y formato de los datos. Se hace una revisión de los desarrollos
operados en los protocolos, incluyendo desarrollos de los formatos de datos Web
(STML 4.0 y XML), transporte (HTTP/1.1 y HTTP/NG) y dirección (URLS). El
artículo describe como la Web inicialmente carece de una arquitectura de
metadatos y plantea la emergencia de una estructura de metadatos para la Web.
Incluye una revisión de tecnologías Web, la cual tiiene un fuerte impacto
social, incluyendo las iniciativas de accesibilidad a la Werb, la firma digital
y el proyecto para establecer las preferencias de privacidad (Web Accessibility
Initiative, the Digital Signature Initiative and the Platform for Privacy
Preferences Project)
: Metadatos /Recuperación de la información/Lenguajes
documentales/Bibliotecas digitales
Resumen:
Nowadays, users of information services are faced with highly
decentralised, heterogeneous document sources with different content analysis.
To reduce this problem a great deal of work is carried out all over the world in
the context of so-called virtual or digital libraries. The idea behind these
efforts is to combine different information sources to solve the problem of
finding useful information in the "borderless world of the internet". In the
virtual library projects of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and in a
broader sense in the Global Information Initiative of the German Federal
Ministry of Education and Research (bmb+f), the first objective is to combine
all existing library catalogues. This bibliographic information will then be
linked to grey literature of the WWW and of course with literature databases of
information centers such as the German Social Sciences Information Centre (IZ),
Bonn.
: Catalogación/Internet/Recuperación de la
información/MARC/Metadatos
Resumen:
Metadata and information technology staff in libraries that are
building digital collections typically extract and manipulate MARC metadata sets
to provide access to digital content via non-MARC schemes. Metadata processing
in these libraries involves defining the relationships between metadata schemes,
moving metadata between schemes, and coordinating the intellectual activity and
physical resources required to create and manipulate metadata. Actively managing
the non-MARC metadata resources used to build digital collections is something
most of these libraries have only begun to do. This article proposes strategies
for managing MARC metadata repurposing efforts as the first step in a
coordinated approach to library metadata management. Guided by lessons learned
from Cornell University library mapping and transformation activities, the
authors apply the literature of data resource management to library metadata
management and propose a model for managing MARC metadata repurposing processes
through the implementation of a metadata management design.
: Metadatos/Acceso a la información/Internet/Open Archives
Initiative/Harvesting metadata
Resumen:
The authors, who jointly serve as the Open Archives Initiative
(OAI) executive, reflect on the three-year history of the OAI. Three years of
technical work recently culminated in the release of a stable production version
2 of the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). This technical product,
the work that led up to it, and the process that made it possible have attracted
some favor from the digital library and information community. The paper
explores a number of factors in the history of the OAI that the authors believe
have contributed to this positive response. The factors include focus on a
defined problem statement, an operational model in which strong leadership is
balanced with solicited participation, a healthy dose of community building and
support, and sensible technical decisions.
: Metadatos /Archivos fotográficos/Recuperación de la
información/Dublin Core/Fotografías
Resumen:
Tout en suivant
de près le projet du Resource Description
Framework (RDF), l'objet de notre recherche consiste, à partir d'un ensemble restreint de documents
photographiques, à intégrer aux 15 éléments de
description prévus dans le Dublin Core les informations prescrites par les
Règles pour la description des documents
d'archives (RDDA). Pour ce faire, nous avons suivi la démarche suivante.
Après avoir intégré les données des RDDA au
Dublin Core à l'aide du Nordic Metadata
Template, nous avons mis en place un site web temporaire. Ce site a été indexé
puis interrogé à l'aide de moteurs de recherche.
Les objectifs de ce projet sont de deux ordres. D'une part, il s'agit de
vérifier les avantages que peuvent représenter les métadonnées dans la gestion
des archives photographiques. En effet, dans la mesure où de plus en plus d'archives photographiques sont disponibles sur le web, les métadonnées ne
deviendraient-elles pas un outil idéal de gestion de ces archives? Cet outil
permettrait autant de décrire et de diffuser les documents d'archives que de les
repérer ou de les gérer. D'autre part, il s'agit de mettre en évidence
l'importance que prennent les normes de description des documents d'archives
dans l'élaboration des métadonnées pour les documents HTML.
This paper describes the process that Eisenhower National
Clearinghouse (ENC) staff went through to develop crosswalks between metadata
based on three different standards and the generation of the corresponding XML
records. ENC needed to generate different flavors of XML records so that
metadata would be displayed correctly in catalog records generated through
different digital library interfaces. The crosswalk between USMARC, IEEE LOM,
and DC-ED is included, as well as examples of the XML records.
: Metadatos /Ciencias de la salud/Medicina/Historia/Open
Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata /Portales
Resumen:
David Little outlines the resource sharing arrangements between
the MedHist gateway and the Humbul hub, using the OAI Protocol for Metadata
Harvesting, and some of the issues it has raised.
The MIT libraries were called upon to recommend a metadata
scheme for the resources contained in MIT's OpenCourseWare (OCW) project. The
resources in OCW needed descriptive, structural, and technical metadata. The
SCORM standard, which uses IEEE Learning Object Metadata for its descriptive
standard, was selected for its focus on educational objects. However, it was
clear that the Libraries would need to recommend how the standard would be
applied and adapted to accommodate needs that were not addressed in the
standard's specifications. The newly formed MIT Libraries Metadata Unit adapted
established practices from AACR2 and MARC traditions when facing situations in
which there were no precedents to follow.
Se ofrece al lector una perspectiva general de las principales
iniciativas que se e
stán llevando
a cabo en materia de documentación audiovisual en formato digital. Para ello se
hace un repaso por los estándares diseñados por
las instituciones normalizadoras y empresas de multidifusión, entre los que
destacan Mpeg-7, Smil, RDF, Dublin core,
TV-Anytime. Así mismo se describe brevemente el Diccionario de Metadatos de
Smpte con un énfasis especial en algunos de sus elementos más importantes como
KLV y Umid. También se hace un repaso a las iniciativas llevadas a cabo en el
ámbito de las bibliotecas y archivos describiendo brevemente ViDE, Mets, Data
dictionary for audio/video metadata y el proyecto del Nedlib. Para finalizar se
comenta un ejemplo de aplicación de los estándares descritos dentro del ámbito
de la Red Iberoamericana de Documentación Informativa, donde se está intentando
componer un marco empírico de adaptación de los mismos.
: Control de autoridades/Comercio electrónico
/Metadatos/Industria editorial
Resumen:
InterParty is a project that aims to develop a mechanism that
will enable the interoperation of identifiers for "parties" or persons (authors,
publishers, etc.persons and corporate bodies in library authority files) across
multiple domains. Partners represent the book industry, rights management,
libraries, and identifier and technology communities, united by their perception
of a common benefit frominteroperation in
terms of access to "common metadata" held by other members to improve the
quality of their own data. The InterParty solution proposes a distributed
network of members who provide access to "common metadata," defined as
information in the public domain, sufficient to identify and distinguish the
"public identity" of a person. At a minimum the InterParty network would provide
access to multiple domains of data about persons, including multiple library
authority files, author licensing data files, etc. It will also add value by
providing a facility for linking records between different data files by means
of a "link record." Link records will assert that an identity recorded in one
database is the same as another identity recorded in another database. Linked
data will be mutually enriching and therefore more reliable and supportive of
accurate disambiguation of persons within and between databases. InterParty has
potential to develop a common system that supports both the emerging needs of
e-commerce and the traditional requirements of library authority
control.
: Metadatos/Futuro/Recuperación de la
información/Internet/Catalogación/Documentos electrónicos
Resumen:
The potential for digital library growth has recently drawn
into question the ability of users to navigate large distributed and
heterogeneous collections. This column attempts to summarise some of the
potential benefits to be derived through the implementation of collection-level
descriptions for both user resource discovery and institutional collection
management. In particular, the concept of 'functional granularity' is introduced
and some related issues are briefly explored.
: Dialnet/Dublin Core/Metadatos/Producción
científica/Visibilidad de la Información
Resumen:
Presentar un ejemplo de aplicación práctica del
esquema de metadatos Dublín Core a un proyecto concreto desarrollado en la
Universidad de la Rioja consecuencia directa de la adaptación al protocolo común
de transmisión de metadatos OAI-PMH (Open Archive Iniciative - Protocol for
Metadata Harvesting) que permite intercambiar metadatos entre diferentes
plataformas y repositorios.
São discutidos os novos mecanismos de cooperação entre sistemas
de informação em ciência e tecnologia surgidos a partir da emergência de
arquivos de publicações digitais livres os open archives e de
mecanismos de interoperabilidade entre estes arquivos, como o protocolo Open
Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. É apresentado um histórico
do surgimento das publicações digitais e dos arquivos abertos como uma
alternativa aos mecanismos tradicionais de comunicação científica, baseados nos
periódicos acadêmicos tradicionais. São discutidas as novas formas de cooperação
e os novos serviços informacionais viabilizados a partir do surgimento dos open
archives e das tecnologias a eles associados. As conseqüências e oportunidades
desta situação para a ciência e para os sistemas e redes de informação dos
países em desenvolvimento são analisadas.
113.
Martínez Usero, J. Á., "El uso de
metadatos para mejorar la interoperabilidad del conocimiento en los servicios de
administración electrónica". El profesional de la información,
Vol. 15, No. 2, 2006, pp. 114-126 . http://eprints.rclis.org/archive/00006920/01/2006-metadatos.pdf
Descriptores
: Gobierno electronico/Metadatos
Resumen:
Se expone la necesidad de incorporación de metadatos en la
información web de la Administración Pública como método para facilitar la
compatibilidad de los datos y la integración de datos heterogéneos, así como
mejorar la recuperación de la información pública. Se destaca el modelo de
metadatos Dublin Core y se especifican los métodos para registrar y transferir
metadatos: html, xml, rdf, y ciertos repositorios como bases de datos y los
sistemas de gestión de contenidos web. Se presenta una metodología para la
aplicación de metadatos normalizados en los servicios de administración
electrónica. Finalmente, se analizan las principales iniciativas y experiencias
relacionadas con la aplicación de metadatos normalizados en los servicios de
administración electrónica, tales como GILS, MIReG y eGMS.
This paper provides an introduction to the Metadata Object
Description Schema (MODS), a MARC21 compatible XML schema for descriptive
metadata. It explains the requirements that the schema targets and the special
features that differentiate it from MARC, such as user-oriented tags, regrouped
data elements, linking, recursion, and accommodations for electronic
resources
115.
McCallum, S. H., "Metadata, Protocol,
and Identifier Activities: Library of Congress IFLA/CDNL Alliance for
Bibliographic Standards Report, 2004, Buenos Aires". IFLA Council
and General Conference, No. 70, 2004. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla70/papers/024e-McCallum.pdf
Descriptores
: MARC21 /Metadatos/IFLA/Normas/Catalogación
Resumen:
The Library of Congress contribution to the IFLA/CDNL Standards
Alliance includes MARC 21 formats, metadata, information retrieval protocols,
and identifiers. This report covers a few significant recent activities for
each. For MARC 21, the development of MARCXML and the MARC toolkit of format
transformations is noted. In the metadata area, the Metadata Object Description
Standard (MODS) is described along with its new authority data companion, MADS.
Highlighted under information retrieval protocols is the new Z39.50 derivative
web service, SRW/SRU, and under identifiers is the new "info" URI established
specially for the information community. The status of the Virtual International
Authority File model experiment completes the report.
116.
McCallum, S. H., "Metadatos, Protocolo
y Actividades de Identificación: Alianza Biblioteca del Congreso IFLA/CDNL para
el Reporte de Estándares Bibliográficos, 2004, Buenos Aires". IFLA
Council and General Conference, No. 70, 2004. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla70/papers/024s_trans-McCallum.pdf
Descriptores
: MARC21 /Metadatos/IFLA/Normas/Catalogación
Resumen:
La contribución de la Biblioteca del Congreso de EE.UU. a la
Alianza para Estándares IFLA/CDNL incluye formatos MARC 21, metadatos,
protocolos para recuperación de información, e identificadores. Este informe
cubre algunas de las actividades relevantes recientes en cada una de estas
áreas. Para MARC 21, es mencionado el desarrollo de MARCXML y el conjunto de
herramientas MARC para transformaciones de formato. En el área de metadatos, se
delinea el Estándar de Descripción de Objetos de Metadatos (MODS) junto con
MADS, su nuevo acompañante para datos de autoridades. Destacado en el área de
los protocolos de recuperación de información, se encuentra el nuevo servicio
Web derivativo Z39.50 denominado SRW/SRU; y bajo identificadores, establecido
especialmente para la comunidad de información, está el nuevo "info" URI.
Completa este informe la situación del modelo de Archivo Virtual Internacional
de Autoridades.
A key component for the successful preservation of digital
resources is going to be the metadata that enables automated preservation
processes to take place. The number of digital items will preclude human
handling and the fact that these resources are electronic makes them logical for
computer driven preservation activities. Over the last decade there have been a
number of digital repository experiments that took different approaches,
developed and used different data models, and generally moved our understanding
forward. This paper reports on a recent initiative, PREMIS, that builds upon
concepts and experience to date. It merits careful testing to see if the
metadata identified can be used generally and become a foundation for more
detailed metadata. And how much more will be needed for preservation activities?
Initiatives for additional technical metadata and document format registries are
also discussed.
: Empresas/Visibilidad de la Información/Encabezamientos de
materia/Metadatos/World Wide Web/Internet invisible
Resumen:
Addressing the selection of invisible Web sites for business
subject pages as part of collection development, this discussion begins with
defining the invisible Web and examining why certain Web pages are 'invisible.'
Followed by an acknowledgement of problems concerning the use of terminology,
implications for the process of collection development and a brief examination
of the criteria in selecting the items for subject Web pages are addressed. Upon
using strategies to locate these materials in order to create useful subject
pages, selection criteria for the Web sites include determining the credibility
of the source, and examining the scope and quality of content.
Every year it seems the world christens a new application as
Internet savior. Winners in past years include Java, push technology, cascading
style sheets, and network computers. Some live up to the hype, others fade into
obscurity. Either way, the hands-down favorite for this year's award is
metadata, and the model getting the most attention is the Dublin Core.
: Documentos electrónicos/Recuperación de la
información/Metadatos
Resumen:
Con este curso de autoformación se pretende acercar a los
profesionales de la información y de la documentación en España a esta realidad,
e introducirles al concepto, uso y aplicación de los metadatos como tecnología
fundamental para crear sistemas y servicios de información electrónica de
calidad: Metadatos: concepto y motivación. Conceptos asociados al uso de
metainformación. Contexto de aplicación. Visión técnica de la WWW: lenguajes de
marcado (HTML/XML) y sistemas de recuperación. Creación y codificación de
metadatos. Iniciativas y esquemas de metadatos. Uso del Dublin Core (DCMI). ISO
15836-2003. Definición del tipo/s de metadatos que necesita un sistema o
servicio de información Web. Evaluación y selección de un formato de
metainformación. Herramientas y aplicaciones para la creación y gestión de
metadatos.
: Documentos electrónicos/Recuperación de la
información/Metadatos/RDF/XML
Resumen:
En Biblioteca Virtual de Bibliotécnic Consultores, n. 15
Resumen: Esta comunicación versa sobre el Resource Description Framework (RDF),
un modelo de metadatos basado en XML, que promete ser un estándar flexible para
la estructuración de la información de las bibliotecas digitales del siglo XXI.
Se describen el contexto y las características principales de dicho formato, así
como sus posibilidades y potencial desarrollo para optimizar la recuperación de
información en Internet.
EL PASADO 5 de junio tuvo lugar la presentación del mirror
español1 de la DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative2) que, la tutela del
Instituto Agustín Millares de la Universidad Carlos III con la colaboración del
grupo Normaweb de Sedic, pretende aportar una mayor presencia española dentro de
esta importante iniciativa internacional. Poco tiempo después se lanza la
lista de distribución DCMI-es3, que ha permitido crear un foro de trabajo común
en español entre más de 300 personas interesadas en el desarrollo de esta norma
en España y en América Latina
: Metadatos/Tesauros/XML/Internet/Recuperación de la
información/Visibilidad de la Información
Resumen:
La gestión del contenido semántico de los datos se está
convirtiendo en un aspecto estratégico para las organizaciones que están
asumiendo las tecnologías web emergentes. Las nuevas tecnologías para el acceso
y el intercambio de información aumentan la visibilidad de la información
corporativa y generan grandes expectativas para encontrar, entender y compartir
el contenido informativo. En esta comunicación se trata la
adecuación de estructurar la información a través de metadatos en el
contexto de las Intranets, así como de la adecuación de RDF/XML para constituir
tesauros que permitan optimizar la recuperación de información y mantener la
consistencia en entornos de información distribuidos.
124.
Méndez Rodríguez, E. M., "RDF: Un
modelo de metadatos flexible para las bibliotecas digitales del próximo
milenio". Jornades Catalanes de Documentació, Vol. 7, 1999, pp.
487-498. http://www.cobdc.org/jornades/7JCD/1.pdf
Descriptores
: Internet/Recuperación de la
información/Metadatos/XML/Bibliotecas digitales
Resumen:
Recursos Description Framework (RDF), un modelo de metadatos
basado en XML, que promete ser un estándar flexible, para la estructuración de
la información de las bibliotecas digitales del siglo XXI. Se describe el
contexto y las características principales de dicho formato, así como las
posibilidades y potencial desarrollo para optimizar la recuperación de
información en Internet.
125.
Merlo Vega, J. A. and Sorli Rojo, A.,
"El uso de metainformación en los webs de las bibliotecas
españolas". Jornadas Españolas de Documentación, Vol. 7, 2000,
pp. 155-164. http://exlibris.usal.es/merlo/escritos/bilbao1.htm
Descriptores
: Metadatos/World wide web/Indización/Recuperación de la
información/España/Bibliotecas
Resumen:
La metainformación de los documentos web es de capital
importancia para la posterior recuperación de la información en ellos contenida.
Los autores de las páginas web pueden incorporar una serie de datos mediante los
que indicarán aspectos relevantes para la indización de dichos documentos. Se
estudia el grado de aplicación de la metainformación en las páginas
principales de 165 bibliotecas españolas, analizando la presencia de los
datos que se consideran esenciales para la indización del contenido: autor,
título, palabras clave y descripción.
As Pete Johnston illustrates elsewhere in this issue,
e-Learning is big business, and likely to get bigger. Figures quoted in the
recent report to the US Congress from the Web Based Education Commission, for
example, place the current value of US-based 'formal' education at all levels at
$2.5 Billion, and estimates growth to nearly $14 Billion by 2003. In the
corporate sector, the figures are even more impressive, estimated at $1.1
Billion currently, and $11.4 Billion by 2003. Globally, the report estimates
e-Learning to be worth $365 Billion by 2003.
: Museos/Metadatos /Internet /Recuperación de la
información
Resumen:
Paul Miller and Alice Grant explore CIMI: the collections
standards organization which JISC has just joined. CIMI is an international
organisation committed to bringing museum information to the largest possible
audience. Its 25plus members, comprising museums, systems vendors, governmental
and nongovernmental organisations share a common mission: to encourage an open
standardsbased approach to the management and delivery of digital museum
information.
128.
Milstead, J. and Feldman, S.,
"Metadata: Cataloging by Any Other Name ...". Consorci de
Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya, 2000. http://www.cbuc.es/5digital/1.pdf
Descriptores
: Metadatos /Catalogación/Internet
Resumen:
Whether you call it cataloging, indexing, or metadata, the
concept is a familiar one for information professionals. Now the electronic
world has finally discovered it. Until a few years ago, only a few philosophers
had ever heard of the word 'metadata.' Today, it is hard to find a publication
about electronic resources that ignores it.
El presente artículo, tiene como objetivo hacer un recorrido
que va desde el concepto de sociedad de la información hasta la tendencia
propuesta por la W3C en cabeza de su director, el cual propone la creación de
una Web Semántica; que potencie las funcionalidades de la ya existente a favor
de las necesidades del hombre, esto con ayuda de herramientas como los
metadatos, el XML (eXtensible Markup Language) o el RDF (Resource Description
Framework).
The European Union R&D project METADATA ENGINE focuses on
the digitisation of printed material such as books and journals. The project
comprises 14 partners from 7 European countries and the US. Some of the
libraries among our partners play leading roles in the field of digitisation,
including the National Library of France and Cornell University Library.
En el balance sobre el vertiginoso mundo de la WWW encontramos
un conjunto de estándares, un montón de buenas prácticas, experiencias y la
credibilidad explícita de que el futuro de la Web cuenta con los bibliotecarios
y profesionales de la información, y
los metadatos han tenido y tienen mucho que ver con esto.
: Metadatos/Bibliotecas digitales/Mineria de
datos/Tecnología/Aeronaútica/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting
metadata
Resumen:
The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
(OAI-PMH) is an evolving protocol and philosophy regarding interoperability for
digital libraries (DLs). Previously, 'distributed searching' models were popular
for DL interoperability. However, experience has shown distributed searching
systems across large numbers of DLs to be difficult to maintain in an Internet
environment. The OAI-PMH is a move away from distributed searching, focusing on
the arguably simpler model of 'metadata harvesting'. We detail NASA's
involvement in defining and testing the OAI-PMH and experience to date with
adapting existing NASA distributed searching DLs (such as the NASA Technical
Report Server) to use the OAI-PMH and metadata harvesting. We discuss some of
the entirely new DL projects that the OAI-PMH has made possible, such as the
Technical Report Interchange Project. We explain the strategic importance of the
OAI-PMH to the mission of NASA's Scientific and Technical Information
Program.
This article provides an overview of work completed at Tsinghua
University Library in which a metadata framework was developed to aid in the
preservation of digital resources. The metadata framework is used for the
creation of metadata to describe resources, and includes an encoding standard
used to store metadata and resource structures in information systems. The
author points out that the Tsinghua University Library metadata framework
provides a successful digital preservation solution that may be an appropriate
solution for other organizations as well.
134.
Nuys, C. V., Albertsen, K., Pedersen, L., and
Stenstad, A., "El Proyecto Paradigma y su búsqueda de soluciones para
metadatos y servicios a usuarios". IFLA Council and General
Conference, No. 70, 2004. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla70/papers/009s_trans_Nuys.pdf
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Bibliotecas nacionales/Noruega/FRBR
Resumen:
El Proyecto Paradigma, de la Biblioteca Nacional de Noruega,
trabaja para asegurar un Depósito Legal satisfactorio de todos los tipos de
documentos digitales, incluidos los millones de documentos publicados en los
dominios noruegos de Internet. Es de esperar que Noruega sea capaz de preservar
su patrimonio digital cultural para el futuro, dando a los investigadores acceso
al archivo de Internet, por ejemplo mediante metadatos y búsquedas a texto
completo. Esta ponencia ofrece una breve descripción del Proyecto en sí, antes
de iniciar la discusión de los problemas con que se encuentran en su búsqueda de
estándares de metadatos de búsqueda, preservación a largo plazo, etc. Se
presentará el uso que el Proyecto hace de las entidades a nivel de obra,
expresión, manifestación y ejemplar - establecidos por los Requisitos
Funcionales de los Registros Bibliográficos de IFLA (en adelante FRBR) - en el
diseño del archivo, así como las propuestas para futuros servicios: Servicio de
autenticación y verificación y Servicio de asignación de identificadores
ambos disponibles a través de Internet.
135.
Nuys, C. V., Albertsen, K., Pedersen, L., and
Stenstad, A., "The Paradigma Project and its Quest for Metadata
Solutions and User Services". IFLA Council and General
Conference, No. 70, 2004. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla70/papers/009e-Nuys.pdf
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Bibliotecas nacionales/Noruega/FRBR
Resumen:
The National Library of Norway's Paradigma Project is working
to ensure a satisfactory legal deposit of all types of digital documents
also the millions of documents found on the Norwegian Internet domain.
Hopefully, Norway will be able to preserve its digital cultural heritage for the
future, giving researchers access to an Internet archive by way of e.g. metadata
and full text search. This paper gives a brief description of the project
itself, before discussing the problems it encounters in its quest for metadata
standards for discovery, longterm preservation, etc. The project's use of the
FRBR entity levels work, expression, manifestation and item in the archive
design will be presented, as well as ideas for future services: A verification
and authentification service and an identifier allocation service - both
available via the Internet.
: Metadatos /Recuperación de la información
/Internet
Resumen:
Aquest informe té com a objectiu presentar als membres del CBUC
un estat de la qüestió sobre el desenvolupament i l'ús de les metadades a nivell
global i local, aportar els elements necessaris i suficients per la presa de
decisions davant l'aplicació d'aquesta tecnologia i proposar unes línies d'acció dins i fora de
l'entorn del Consorci. Inclou també les referències a la documentació tècnica i a una selecció de la literatura
especialitzada.
: Metadatos/MARC/Reglas de catalogación/Catálogos
automatizados/Hipertexto
Resumen:
Análisis de los sistemas de metadatos que existen en diferentes
colectivos para soluccionar los problemas que plantea la búsqueda y recuperación
efectiva de recursos en Internet. Se comparan, además, los nuevos sistemas con
los registros bibliográficos utilizados en las bibliotecas. Por último se
estudia la posibilidad de que estos sistemas puedan reemplazar a las
herramientas que se utilizan de forma generalizada en las bibliotecas: el
formato MARC y las reglas de catalogación.
: Normas/Metadatos/Búsquedas /Comprensión de
ficheros/Almacenamiento/Video/Documentos electrónicos
Resumen:
Le Motion Picture Experts Group est un organisme chargé de
développer des normes internationales sur les fichiers informatiques
multimédias. Les normes MPEG-1 et MPEG-2 édictent des modes de compression de
fichiers visuels et sonores permettant le transfert rapide en réseau et
facilitant le stockage sur disque. MPEG-4 concerne également la compression,
mais s'applique à la diffusion en temps réel (« streaming »). MPEG-7 propose un
système de description des documents basé sur des métadonnées permettant des
recherches très sophistiquées. Finalement, MPEG-21 offrira un cadre
d'application pour une gestion intégrée des ressources multimédias (création,
distribution, gestion des droits d'auteur, mode de paiement, etc.)
: Metadatos /Recuperación de la información/Internet
Resumen:
This article explains the concepts of representation and use of
metadata describing library information resource collections in the Resource
Data Model (RDM) that has been developed by the HeadLine project [http://www.headline.ac.uk/]. It is based on documentation
originally intended for library staff who may become involved in maintenance of
metadata in the RDM, as the deliverables of the project are handed-over into
mainstream use. An earlier published article [Graham] was based on the first
(un-released) version of the HeadLine RDM, to which this is intended to be an
update.
140.
Pinto Molina, M., "Engineering the
production of meta-information: the abstracting concern". Journal
of information science, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2003, pp. 429-441. http://jis.sagepub.com/content/vol29/issue5/
Descriptores
: Resúmenes/Metadatos/Reingeniería de procesos
Resumen:
In order to improve the automatic production of
meta-information in the abstracting field, an essential starting point is the
exposition of the current state of the art. A the level of content, three
significantly different types of procedure stand out, depending on the document
structure in question: extracting, rhetorical summarising and cognitive
summarising. In addition, reticular and graphic models of information
representation, much more appropriate to digital environments, offer a
complementary method. In all cases, prior definition of the domain, with its
specific documents and actors, is needed. However, the low quality of the
product derived from full automation (extract and summaries), above all lacking
in coherence, led us to the concept of partial automation, a hybrid man-machine
methodology that, at least for the time being, seems to be the best solution for
the abstract and abstracting problem
141.
Plassard, M.-F., "The IFLA UBCIM
Programme and the Permanent UNIMARC Committee (PUC) - Report of activities
1999-2000". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 66, 2000.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla66/papers/166-96e.htm
Descriptores
: Control bibliográfico/IFLA/Metadatos /Programas
/MARC/UNIMARC
Resumen:
The IFLA UBCIM Programme continued to work towards
fulfillment of the main goals of its Medium Term Programme (MTP) 1. The first is
related to the development and promotion of bibliographic standards and
guidelines, with particular attention to new technologies. Activities in this
field are conducted in close cooperation with the Division of Bibliographic
Control, for example the follow up of the International Conference on National
Bibliographic Services (ICNBS). UBCIM is also represented in some of the
Division's Working Groups, such as the WG on Metadata.
: Sindicación de contenidos/RSS (Really Simple
Syndication)/XML/RDF/Dublin Core/Metadatos
Resumen:
Son vocabularios RDF, expresados en RDF/XML Creados para
satisfacer una necesidad concreta: FOAF: descripción de personas
RSS: publicación de noticias Dublin Core: catalogación y descripción de
recursos (libros, imágenes, etc.)
Metadata registries are considered to be a solution to the
problem of ata sharing and standardising of information on the Internet. The
International Organization for Information recognised the need for a
standardised approach to this problem and produce ISO/IEC 11179 Information
Technology - Specification and standardisation of data elements. As part of an
ongoing research project on the ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registries implementation
a questionnaire survey was carried out on four discussion lists an the EU funded
SCHEMAS 2nd workshop (23-24th November 2000). Results from this survey, which
was essentially aiming to identify how familiar people were with metadata and
metadata registries, are presented along with a brief introduction to the
ISO/IEC 11179 Information Technology - Specification and standardisation of data
elements standard.
This article proposes a mechanism for embedding machine
parsable citations into Dublin Core (DC) metadata records based on the OpenURL.
It suggests providing partial OpenURLs using the DC Identifier, Source and
Relation elements together with an associated 'OpenURL' encoding scheme. It
summarises the relevance of this technique to support reference linking and
considers mechanisms for providing richer bibliographic citations. A mapping
between OpenURL attributes and Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES) elements
is provided.
RLG has used METS for a particular application, that is as a
wrapper for structural metadata. When RLG cultural materials was launched, there
was no single way to deal with 'complex digital objects'. METS provides a
standard means of encoding metadata regarding the digital objects represented in
RCM, and METS has now been fully integrated into the workflow for this service.
: Archivos/Acceso a la
documentación/Metadatos/Manuscritos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting
metadata
Resumen:
The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) Protocol for Metadata
Harvesting presents one promising method by which metadata regarding archives
and manuscripts can be shared and made more interoperable with metadata from
other sources. Against the background of archival descriptive theory and
practice, this article outlines a method for exposing deep, hierarchical
metadata from encoded archival description (EAD) files and assesses some
theoretical and practical issues that will need to be confronted by institutions
choosing to provide or harvest OAI records generated from EAD files. Using OAI
on top of existing EAD implementations would allow institutions to repurpose
their data and potentially reach more users but would also accelerate the
process of reengineering archival access mechanisms. Archivists and
technologists using OAI with EAD must pay careful attention to the necessity of
preserving archival context and provenance.
Reynolds will focus on the uses of the ISSN as an identifier
and as a linking mechanism in the metadata environment. She will present
background on the ISSN and other identifiers, and outline reasons for the
importance of identifiers in the digital age. Reynolds will differentiate
between dumb identifiers--like the ISSN--which have no inherent meaning, and
intelligent identifiers--like the SICI--which have embedded meaning. The
core of the presentation will be an exploration of problems in the metadata
environment--such as identification, metadata for e-resources, multiple
manifestations, and linking--and solutions to these problems which the ISSN can
help provide for continuing resources. There will be an opportunity for
questions and discussion about topics raised in the presentation.
:
Metadatos/Dublin Core/España/Recuperación de la
información/Internet
Resumen:
ESTE SEMINARIO,
organizado en Madrid el 5 de junio de 2003 por la Biblioteca Nacional (BNE), el
Instituto Universitario Agustín Millares y la Sociedad Española de Documentación e Información Científica
(Sedic), se desarrolló con la asistencia de 120 personas en el salón de actos de
la Biblioteca Nacional en sesiones de mañana y
tarde. Los ficheros de las presentaciones de algunos de los ponentes están
disponibles en la web: http://es.dublincore.org/es/eventos.
: XML/Orientación a objetos/ SGML/Catalogación/Documentos
electrónicos/Internet/Metadatos/AACR2
Resumen:
SOX (Schema for Object Oriented XML) es una especificación
heredera de XML que aporta algunas características a la orientación a objetos.
Trata de aumentar la interoperabilidad de XML con algunos lenguajes
de programación. El artículo pretende en
primer lugar, repasar las nociones de la orientación a objetos y aplicarlas al
entorno SGML-XML. Después analizar las afinidades y diferencias entre XML y SOX,
y señalar las posibilidades de este último.
Dinalmente, reseñando los esfuerzos de MARC, las
AACR2 y algunos tipos de metadatos para catalogar eficientemente los recursos
WWW, especular sobre siSOX a la orientación a objetos podrían tener algún papel
en este sentido. En concreto se analizan la apalicación de algunas nociones como
clases, objetos, jerarquía y herencia a la identificación de documentos
electrónicos (ya sea por medio de catalogación tradicional, ya mediante
metadatos. ¿Podría por ejemplo heredar un
capítulo determinadas características de su elemento: el documento?
151.
Rosa, A. d. l. and Senso, J. A., "El
concepto de metadato. Algo más que descripción de recursos
electrónicos". Ciência da informaçao, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2003.
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-19652003000200011&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Documentos electrónicos
Resumen:
Resulta evidente la necesidad de establecer mecanismos que
permitan una descripción más exhaustiva de los recursos electrónicos. En este
trabajo se propone como solución el uso de metadatos. Por ese motivo se estudia
el concepto de metadato con el fin de determinar tanto su campo de acción como
los diferentes presupuestos subyacentes en este.
152.
Rovira, C. and Marcos, M.-C.,
"Metadatos en revistas-e de Documentación de libre acceso". El
profesional de la información, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2006, pp. 136-144.
http://elprofesionaldelainformacion.metapress.com/media/e3dhvwuxmk6h2ag4rye0/contributions/b/r/a/c/bractl88wfylda7k.pdf
Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en un estudio sobre
metadatos realizado sobre 61 revistas digitales de acceso libre del ámbito de la
documentación. El análisis muestra que un 59% de ellas no usa metadatos
útiles para la recuperación de la información, y que sólo un 13% incluyen
metadatos específicos para cada una de las páginas web de los artículos.
153.
Royan, B., "Heir RAID: Re-purposing
Legacy Digital Library Resources as Learning Objects". IFLA Council
and General Conference, No. 70, 2004.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla70/papers/101e-Royan.pdf
Descriptores
: Enseñanza a distancia/Bibliotecas
digitales/Metadatos
Resumen:
"RAID" is a mnemonic adopted by the eLearning community for the
attributes that define Learning Objects: they should be Reusable, Accessible,
Interoperable and Durable. The paper explains these attributes with examples
from the SCRAN learning resource service. It suggests that they so closely match
attributes generally believed to be desirable for the content of multimedia
Digital Libraries, that it would seem sensible for library managers to be aware
of the standards and frameworks that are emerging in the cognate discipline of
eLearning, and in particular IMS, IEEE LOM, and SCORM. This paper includes
material presented by the Author at a Digicult Expert Forum in den Hague,
Netherlands, July 2003.
: Metadatos/Internet/Organización del
conocimiento/Internet/Dublin Core
Resumen:
Los metadatos o datos representacionales son definidos como el
dato sobre los datos, es un conjunto de elementos que poseen una semántica
comúnmente aceptada, o sea tratan de representar la información eletrónica tan
dispersa y representan a la descripción bibliográfica de recursos electrónicos.
Estos datos abarcan ámbitos tanto individuales como colectivos, también
documentos, recursos de Internet e incluso objetos reales. Nace de la necesidad
de recuperar la información electrónica dispersa. Los metadatos tratan,
principalmente, de describir el contenido y la localización del objeto de la
información en Internet.
155.
Santacruz-Valencia, L. P., Aedo, I., and
Delgado Kloos, C., "Objetos de aprendizaje: Tendencias dentro de la web
semántica". Boletín de la Red Iris, No. 66-67, 2003-2004. http://www.rediris.es/rediris/boletin/66-67/ponencia18.pdf
Descriptores
: Enseñanza a distancia/Metadatos/World wide web/Información
electrónica/Web semántica
Resumen:
Una de las actividades más recientes en los desarrollos
orientados a la web es la web semántica [1] cuya finalidad es dotar de
significado a todas las clases de información sobre la web. Un subconjunto
importante de esa información lo representan los objetos de aprendizaje, que son
recursos digitales que se pueden reutilizar en diferentes contextos para lograr
un objetivo de aprendizaje particular [2]. En este artículo se describen las
diferentes posibilidades que ofrece la web semántica en cuanto al uso de objetos
de aprendizaje y las tecnologías relacionadas con su soporte.
Provides an introductory overview to the subject of metadata,
which considers why metadata issues are central to discussions about the
evolution of library services-particularly digital library services-and why the
cataloging community is, and should be, front and center in those
discussions.
This introductory overview will consider why metadata issues
are central to discussions about the evolution of library services--particularly
digital library services, and why the cataloging community is, and should be,
front and center in those discussions.
En este trabajo se trata de dar una visión general sobre que
consisten los metadatos, como surgió este formato, así como los posibles campos
donde pueden aplicarse en el campo de las ciencias de la información. Se
mencionan y se da una breve caracterización de las normas internacionales
dedicadas a la temática de los metadatos.
Resulta evidente que las estructuras de metadatos están
adquiriendo una posición preponderante en lo que se refiere a la descripción de
recursos electrónicos entendidos como objetos. Cada vez son más numerosos los
proyectos, sitios web o sistemas de consulta que se valen de ellos para lograr
mejores prestaciones a la hora de la representación, localización y recuperación
de recursos electrónicos. TEI (text encoding initiative), el sistema más
extendido en la actualidad Dublin core metadata initiative (Dcmi en adelante)
pone más énfasis en facilitar al máximo el acceso al recurso y menos en
proporcionar una descripción exhaustiva del mismo.
160.
Senso, J. A., "El concepto de
metadato. Algo más que descripción de recursos electrónicos".
Resulta evidente la necesidad de establecer mecanismos que
permitan una descripción más exhaustiva de los recursos electrónicos. En este
trabajo se propone como solución el uso de metadatos. Por ese motivo se estudia
el concepto de metadato con el fin de determinar tanto su campo de acción como
los diferentes presupuestos subyacentes en este.
Resulta evidente que las estructuras de metadatos están
adquiriendo una posición preponderante en lo que se refiere a la descripción de
recursos electrónicos entendidos como objetos. Cada vez son más numerosos los
proyectos, sitios Web o sistemas de consulta que se valen de ellos para lograr
mejores prestaciones a la hora de la representación, localización y recuperación
de recursos electrónicos. RDF fue creado en agosto de 1997 bajo los auspicios
del World Wide Web Corsortium (W3C) con el fin de crear un formato que
permitiera alcanzar la compatibilidad entre los diversos sistemas de metadatos,
suministrando para ello una arquitectura genérica de metainformación. Para ello
se decidió utilizar el lenguaje XML como sistema de comunicación.
: Motores de búsqueda/Google/Difusión selectiva de la
información/Metadatos/Sindicación de contenidos/Blogs
Resumen:
Los profesionales de la información hemos encontrado en Google,
en los blogs y en los cambios tecnológicos que éstos han producido una
herramienta estupenda para obtener información de alta especialización,
actualizada y en formato inteligible por los sistemas informáticos, una
herramienta que merece la pena conocer y estudiar: la sindicación de contenidos.
La sindicación puede usarse en sistemas de gestión de contenidos (CMS) complejos
o simples, en entornos web o en intranets. Está directamente relacionada con la
difusión selectiva de información y, a modo de ejemplo práctico de uso como
veremos a continuación, incluso a través de una aplicación gratuita que nos
permitirá estar actualizados casi al minuto de las últimas noticias que se
producen sobre una palabra clave o expresión de búsqueda concreta.
: Metadatos /Documentos electrónicos/Bases de
datos
Resumen:
Large multimedia database systems have great potential for
educational use. Their assets can often be used to support educational and
research activities in a wide variety of educational contexts, supporting
learners and educators from many subject areas. This article focuses on what
appears to be a fundamental dilemma for the developers of such systems regarding
how to tag or index their assets with metadata so as to support discovery of the
assets by these educational users. On the one hand, developers are unlikely to
want (or be able) to restrictively specify who their users should be and, in
particular, how they should use individual assets in their particular
educational contexts. Thus they would not want to tag assets with metadata
related to how the object should be used. On the other hand, they must make
decisions about what metadata terms to choose to describe their assets. To do
this, they must make a very limited choice, from the many thousands of potential
terms available from different subject disciplines and different levels. Thus
developers are seemingly forced to make choices about who their target users are
and how they will want to use the resources. In other words developers may have
to do exactly what they do not want to do. This article explores in detail the
causes of this dilemma and introduces three complementary approaches to
resolving the situation.
: Metadatos /Gestión de la información/Diseño/Orientación a
objetos
Resumen:
Commonly, an organizational information system may have various
data types and directory formats. It usually employs different metadata formats
to represent the documents. Although the metadata system can cover the different
formats of documents, there still exist the integration problems in various
metadata systems. This may lower the performance of data processing and impede
information sharing. Research focuses on the model of using multi-XML schema to
construct an XML system framework. Through a complete hierarchical tree
structure definition of inner elements, the proposed model can settle the
weakness of traditional object-oriented languages in information sharing; it can
also eliminate the constraints of storage and management among heterogeneous
metadata while processing different metadata information.
In July of 2001, with funding from the Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign undertook a project
to test the efficacy of using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata
Harvesting to construct a search and discovery service focused on information
resources in the domain of cultural heritage. To date, the Illinois project has
indexed over two million Dublin Core metadata records contributed by 39 metadata
repositories in the museum, academic library, and digital library project
communities. These records describe a mix of digital and analog primary content.
Our analysis of these metadata records demonstrates wide divergence in
descriptive metadata practices and the use and interpretation of Dublin Core
metadata elements. Differences are particularly notable by community. This
article provides an overview of the Illinois project, presents quantitative data
about divergent metadata practices and element usage patterns, and details
implications for metadata providers and harvesting services.
166.
Silió, T., "Fundamentos tecnológicos
del acceso abierto: Open Archives Initiative y Open Archival Information
System". El profesional de la información, Vol. 14, No. 5,
2005, pp. 365-380. http://eprints.rclis.org/archive/00005887/01/EPITSilio.pdf
El propósito de este artículo es estudiar las tecnologías que
hacen posible el acceso abierto y la preservación de los documentos digitales.
Por un lado, se analiza la Open Archives Initiative (OAI) que se ha
desarrollado para posibilitar el acceso al contenido de archivos distribuidos, y
sus componentes: los Proveedores de Datos, los Proveedores de Servicios y el
protocolo OAI-PMH. Éste se creó para
la extracción normalizada de metadatos de los archivos electrónicos,
asegurando con ello la infraestructura para la preservación y la
interoperabilidad entre archivos, independientemente de las organizaciones a las
que pertenezcan o de donde se encuentren. También
se analiza el papel de los enlaces y los metadatos en el acceso abierto, en
concreto CrossRef, DOI y OpenURL Por otro lado, se analiza el estándar del
modelo de referencia Open Archival Information System (OAIS) para un sistema
abierto de información en archivos, cuya doble finalidad es la
preservación y el acceso a largo plazo de la información en formato digital,
obviando los previsibles cambios tecnológicos. Estas dos iniciativas, OAI y
OAIS, tienen un interés generalizado para las distintas instituciones académicas
y para la información científica de las diferentes áreas del
conocimiento.
The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an
international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a
worldwide virtual library of language resources. The Dublin Core (DC) Element
Set and the OAI Protocol have provided a solid foundation for the OLAC
framework. However, we need more precision in community-specific aspects of
resource description than is offered by DC. Furthermore, many of the
institutions and individuals who might participate in OLAC do not have the
technical resources to support the OAI protocol. This paper presents our
solutions to these two problems.
A status of cataloging in Thailand shows a movement
toward the use of information technology. The international standards for
cataloging are being used and modified to effectively organize the information
resources. An expanded scope of resources needed cataloging now covers
cataloging the web resources. The paper mentions Thailand 's participation in
the international working group on the use of metadata for libraries.
: Bibliotecas digitales/Metadatos/Digitalización/Intercambio
de información/Latinoamérica
Resumen:
Las actividades de la Biblioteca Digital Iberoamericana y
Caribeña iniciaron en 1999 cuando se definió el proyecto, para ello la UNESCO
convocó a un grupo multidisciplinario de expertos (diseñadores, bibliotecarios,
programadores y expertos en telecomunicaciones) de Infomed (Cuba), IBICT y
BIREME OPS (Brasil) y Universidad de Colima (México), siendo esta última la
encargada de desarrollar el software, y liberada la 1ª. Versión en el 2000 que
incluye .los programas Apache, MySQL, PHP, Zebra y el instalador de la
biblioteca digital en versiones Windows y Linux, así mismo comprende una
metodología para el registro de recursos de información utilizando los
estándares de metadatos; Dublín Core, MARC21 y GILS, Formatos y técnicas para la
digitalización de información, y finalmente el protocolo Z39.50 para el
intercambio de información entre servidores. En el año 2002 realizamos un
diplomado a distancia sobre bibliotecas digitales dirigido a personal de las
bibliotecas nacionales de Iberoamerica, con la finalidad de tener las
capacidades y habilidades para registrar y crear su portal en cada biblioteca
nacional con la aportación de 100 a 200 títulos de la cultura, historia, etc. de
su país, y poder asesorar a otras bibliotecas universitarias
públicas,institucionales para sumarse al proyecto. Y construir una Gran
Biblioteca Digital Regional a texto completo y de acceso libre a los usuarios.
En el 2002 liberamos la versión 2.0 del software con mejoras al sistema de
administración, acopia, captura, indizado, etc. para el personal bibliotecario y
se crearon 10 portales en bibliotecas nacionales e institucionales que ofrecen
la consulta en una sola interfaz a través del protocolo z39.50. Al hoy
presentamos la versión 3.0 denominada "Biblioteca Virtual Iberoamericana y
Caribeña" EL DORADO, con mejoras en las interfaces gráficas y fundamentalmente
en las opciones de acceso a los usuarios a las bases de datos y los
contenidos.
The Open Archives Initiative's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
(OAI-PMH) was created to facilitate discovery of distributed resources. The
OAI-PMH achieves this by providing a simple, yet powerful framework for metadata
harvesting. Harvesters can incrementally gather records contained in OAI-PMH
repositories and use them to create services covering the content of several
repositories. The OAI-PMH has been widely accepted, and until recently, it has
mainly been applied to make Dublin Core metadata about scholarly objects
contained in distributed repositories searchable through a single user
interface. This article describes innovative applications of the OAI-PMH that we
have introduced in recent projects. In these projects, OAI-PMH concepts such as
resource and metadata format have been interpreted in novel ways. The result of
doing so illustrates the usefulness of the OAI-PMH beyond the typical resource
discovery using Dublin Core metadata. Also, through the inclusion of XSL1
stylesheets in protocol responses, OAI-PMH repositories have been directly
overlaid with an interface that allows users to navigate the contained metadata
by means of a Web browser. In addition, through the introduction of PURL2
partial redirects, complex OAI-PMH protocol requests have been turned into
simple URIs that can more easily be published and used in downstream
applications.
171.
Souza, M. I. F., Vendrusculo, L. G., and Melo,
G. C. d., "
Este artigo
aborda a necessidade de adoção de padrões de descrição de
recursos de informação eletrônica,
particularmente, no âmbito da Embrapa Informática Agropecuária. O Rural Mídia
foi desenvolvido utilizando o modelo Dublin Core (DC) para descrição de seu acervo, acrescido de pequenas adaptações introduzidas diante da necessidade de adequar-se a
especificidades meramente institucionais. Este modelo de metadados baseado no
Dublin Core, adaptado para o Banco de Imagem, possui características que
endossam a sua adoção, como a simplicidade na
descrição dos recursos, entendimento semântico
universal (dos elementos), escopo internacional e extensibilidade (o que permite
sua adaptação às
necessidades adicionais de descrição).
172.
Subirats Coll, I. and Barrueco, J. M.,
"Un archivo abierto en ciencias de la documentación e
información ". El profesional de la
información, Vol. 13, No. 5, 2004, pp. 346-352 . http://eprints.rclis.org/archive/00002472/01/barcelona.pdf
Descriptores
: Open Archives Initiative/Acceso a la
información/Bibliotecas digitales/Metadatos
Resumen:
E-LIS (E-prints in Library and Information Science) es un
archivo abierto dedicado a las ciencias de la documentación e información. Se
trata de una biblioteca digital a nivel internacional en funcionamiento desde
enero de 2003 que tiene el objetivo de difundir la filosofía open access en
nuestra disciplina. Se describen brevemente sus características y
funcionalidades principales así como el contexto donde se enmarca y el porqué de
su creación. Se explica cómo el uso del software GNU Eprints ha sido
determinante en su actual estructura. Finalmente se ofrece a la comunidad de
bibliotecarios, documentalistas y archiveros el uso de este archivo no sólo como
fuente de información donde pueden recuperar los documentos a texto completo
sino como archivo abierto desarrollado con el ánimo de difundir dentro de
nuestra profesión los cambios que se están llevando a cabo en el sistema de
comunicación científica.
173.
Sugimoto, S., Adachi, J., Baker, T., and
Weibel, S., "Report from International Conference on Dublin Core and
Metadata ". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 68, 2002.
http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/073-151e.pdf
Descriptores
: Dublin Core/Metadatos
Resumen:
This paper describes the International Conference on Dublin
Core and Metadata Applications 2001 (DC-2001), the ninth major workshop of the
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI), which was held in Tokyo in October 2001.
DC-2001 was a week-long event that included both a workshop and a conference. In
the tradition of previous events, the workshop provided a forum for developers
of Dublin Core to discuss important issues face-to-face. The conference part
included both tutorials and presentations of peer-reviewed papers. The paper
also describes follow-up activities since DC-2001 by working groups and the DCMI
Usage Board. These activities are put into the context of DCMI's recent
reorganization.
NDLTD, the Networked Digital Library of Theses and
Dissertations, supports and encourages the production and archiving of
electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs). While many current NDLTD member
institutions and consortia have individual collections accessible online, there
has until recently been no single mechanism to aggregate all ETDs to provide
NDLTD-wide services (e.g. searching). With the emergence of the Open Archives
Initiative (OAI), that has changed. The OAI's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
is a robust interoperability solution that defines a standard method of
exchanging metadata. While working with the OAI to develop and test the metadata
harvesting standard, we have set up and actively maintain a central NDLTD
metadata collection and multiple user portals. We discuss in this article our
experiences in building this distributed digital library based upon the work of
the OAI.
The development of new information technologies poses
challenges for the description of electronic resources. This article outlines
the purpose of metadata and compares the relative position of MARC to other
metadata schemes, its uses and benefits.
In this article recording evidence for data values in addition
to the values themselves in bibliographic records and descriptive metadata is
proposed, with the aim of improving the expressiveness and reliability of those
records and metadata. Recorded evidence indicates why and how data values are
recorded for elements. Recording the history of changes in data values is also
proposed, with the aim of reinforcing recorded evidence. First, evidence that
can be recorded is categorized into classes: identifiers of rules or tasks,
action descriptions of them, and input and output data of them. Dates of
recording values and evidence are an additional class. Then, the relative
usefulness of evidence classes and also levels (i.e., the record, data element,
or data value level) to which an individual evidence class is applied, is
examined. Second, examples that can be viewed as recorded evidence in existing
bibliographic records and current cataloging rules are shown. Third, some
examples of bibliographic records and descriptive metadata with notes of
evidence are demonstrated. Fourth, ways of using recorded evidence are
addressed.
178.
Taylor, A. G. and Clemson, P., "Access
to Networked Documents Catalogs? Search Engines? Both?". OCLC
Internet Cataloging Colloquiu, 2002. http://www.oclc.org/oclc/man/colloq/taylor.htm
Descriptores
: Internet/Recuperación de la información./Metadatos
/Motores de búsqueda
Resumen:
In a study completed in December 1995, we were trying to
identify the metadata in use for retrieving electronically-stored information on
the networks. We came to the overwhelming conclusion that in order to do an
effective search, one must understand the search engine being used, its database
size and contents, and its underlying index strategy. Actually, this has always
been true, even in the use of print indexes and catalogs. For example, if a user
approaches a traditional catalog with a citation to a journal article and
attempts to find the author and title of the article, the result will be 'no
hit.' This happens because the user does not understand that the contents of a
database called a 'catalog' does not include titles of individual articles from
journals, but only the titles of the journals themselves. In the same way, each
search engine has its own limits on contents and its own set of elements that it
will search. In addition, each has its own way of displaying results. The
problem is that it is very difficult to determine just what is included. Several
search engine beginning pages proudly display 'how many,' but not 'of what.'
When one does the same search on several search engines, one quickly learns
that.
: Catalogación /Classification /Bibliotecas
digitales/Normas/Documentos electrónicos/Futuro/Tecnologías de la
información/Automatización/Gestión de la colección/Procesos técnicos/Metadatos
Resumen:
Discusses how collections in the digital library, instead of
traditional cataloging, call for metadata, structured information about
information. Describes three categories of metadata information about digital
resources: descriptive, structural, and administrative. Examines emerging
standards for digital-library classification.
The current library bibliographic infrastructure was
constructed in the early days of computers - before the Web, XML, and a variety
of other technological advances that now offer new opportunities. General
requirements of a modern metadata infrastructure for libraries are identified,
including such qualities as versatility, extensibility, granularity, and
openness. A new kind of metadata infrastructure is then proposed that exhibits
at least some of those qualities. Some key challenges that must be overcome to
implement a change of this magnitude are identified.
: Bibliotecas digitales/Tecnologías de la
información/Interfaces/Derechos de autor /Costes/Derechos de autor/Redes de
bibliotecas/Preservación/Materiales impresos/Normas/World Wide
Web/Compatibilidad/Documentos electrónicos/Metadatos
Resumen:
Digital libraries of the future will be shaped by the
technologies, standards, and models adopted today. This article examines
interoperability of library systems, metadata standards, copyright management,
fair use, preservation of digital information, problems resulting from
technological advancement, costs, print versus Web resources, and interface
design. Includes a bibliography of Web resources. (PEN)
182.
Thomaz, K. P. and Moreira dos Santos, V.,
"Metadados para o gerenciamento eletrônico de documentos de caráter
arquivístico - GED/A: estudo comparativo de modelos e formulação de uma proposta
preliminar ". DataGramaZero: Revista de Ciência da Informação,
Vol. 4, No. 4, 2003. http://www.dgz.org.br/ago03/Art_04.htm
Descriptores
: Archivos/Metadatos/Documentos electrónicos
Resumen:
O artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa dos modelos de
metadados produzidos pelos principais projetos de anutenção de documentos
eletrônicos de arquivo. Esses projetos foram utilizados como referencial
teórico-metodológico para uma pesquisa de doutorado sobre a problemática do
documento eletrônico de arquivo, em andamento na Escola de Ciência da Informação
da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Além de divulgar os estudos já
realizados no escopo dessa pesquisa, o artigo tem como objetivo submeter à
apreciação da comunidade acadêmica e dos profissionais ligados ao campo da
arquivística um modelo preliminar de metadados para o gerenciamento eletrônico
de documentos de caráter arquivístico. A expectativa é promover a discussão
acadêmica em torno do tema e motivar o envio de críticas e sugestões que possam
contribuir para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa.
183.
Tillett, B. B., "AACR And Metadata :
Library Opportunities In The Global Semantic Web - LC, IFLA, Dublin Core,
Virtual International Authority Files, And More ". Cataloging &
classification quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 3-4, 2003, pp. 101-119. http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=317848
Descriptores
: AACR2/Metadatos/Catalogación/Documentos
electrónicos/Dublin Core/Control de autoridades/Web semántica
Resumen:
This presentation explores the opportunities for libraries to
contribute to the proposed global 'Semantic Web' with our name and subject
authority files, including work that IFLA has done related to a new view of
'Universal Bibliographic Control' in the Internet environment and the work
underway in the US and Europe to make a reality of the virtual international
authority file through the Web. The bibliographic and authority records
created according to AACR reflect standards for metadata that have been provided
for years in libraries. New opportunities for using these records in the
digital world will be described (interoperability), including the mapping with
Dublin Core metadata. AACR recently updated Chapter 9 on Electronic
Resources and that process and highlights of the changes will be described,
including LC's rule interpretations.
This paper takes a chronological approach to the cataloguing of
electronic resources within the National Library of New Zealand. It briefly
outlines the early work in this area and then looks at how the role of a
national library affects the cataloguing process. This is followed by a
description of current approaches to cataloguing published digital materials and
the transformation of the catalogue record that has been part of this process.
Finally some issues that are still under discussion are outlined.
: Búsquedas bibliográficas/Bases de datos /Metadatos /World
wide web/Recuperación de la información
Resumen:
The paper will discuss the changing process of a large
traditional bibliographic database ( containing more than 3 million references)
moving into a web service. As a part of the conversion process in progress the
database format is under evaluation. In this connection major metadata formats
such as Dublin Core, STAS, GILS and TEI have been compared and reviewed in order
to achieve the objective of simplifying the record and transforming the database
into a web-based scientific culture for search and retrieval of information. A
one-stop shop of information is the best solution from the users point of view.
Improved accessibility is not only needed among the researchers in technical
universities and research centres but also in the R&D sector of the
industry.
: Europa/Bibliotecas digitales/Bibliotecas
nacionales/Metadatos/Dublin Core/Recuperación de la información
Resumen:
The objective of the European Library (TEL) project [TEL] was
to set up a co-operative framework and specify a system for integrated access to
the major collections of the European national libraries. This has been achieved
by successfully applying a new approach for search and retrieval via URLs (SRU)
[ZiNG] combined with a new metadata paradigm. One aim of the TEL approach is to
have a low barrier of entry into TEL, and this has driven our choice for the
technical solution described here. The solution comprises portal and client
functionality running completely in the browser, resulting in a low
implementation barrier and maximum scalability, as well as giving users control
over the search interface and what collections to search. In this article we
will describe, step by step, the development of both the search and retrieval
architecture and the metadata infrastructure in the European Library project. We
will show that SRU is a good alternative to the Z39.50 protocol and can be
implemented without losing investments in current Z39.50 implementations. The
metadata model being used by TEL is a Dublin Core Application Profile, and we
have taken into account that functional requirements will change over time and
therefore the metadata model will need to be able to evolve in a controlled way.
We make this possible by means of a central metadata registry containing all
characteristics of the metadata in TEL. Finally, we provide two scenarios to
show how the TEL concept can be developed and extended, with applications
capable of increasing their functionality by 'learning' new metadata or protocol
options.
187.
Wang Baldonado, M. Q., "A
User-centered interface for information exploration in a heterogneus digital
library". Journal of the American Society for Information
Science, Vol. 51, No. 3, 2000, pp. 297-310. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc/27981/
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Bibliotecas digitales/Interfaces/Recuperación de
la información/Orientación a usuarios
Resumen:
La llegada del concepto de biblioteca digital proporciona una
oportunidad para la investigacion de necesidades para interfaces de usuario. Un
portal para el acceso a las fuentes de información, como es una biblioteca
digital requiere la adaptación de una variedad de esquemas de catalogación,
dominios de materia, tipo de documentos e instituciones. SenseMaker es un
interfaz orientado a usuarios para la explotación de información en una
biblioteca digital. El sistema recoge y unifica información de fuentes
heterogéneas presentándolo dentro de un esquema comun. Además, SenseMaker
permite recuperar información basandose en el contexto y en los contenidos de
metadatos. Permitiendo a los usuarios examinar la busqueda y utilizar
posteriormente un filtro de recuperación. El artículo explica el diseño del
interfaz, así como detalles sobre su uso.
The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) was created as a practical
way to promote interoperability between e-print repositories. Although the scope
of the OAI has been broadened, e-print repositories still represent a
significant fraction of OAI data providers. This article presents a brief survey
of OAI e-print repositories, and of services using metadata harvested from
e-print repositories using the OAI protocol for metadata harvesting (OAI-PMH).
It then discusses several situations where metadata harvesting may be used to
further improve the utility of e-print archives as a component of the scholarly
communication infrastructure.
189.
Warner, S., "Exposing and Harvesting
Metadata Using the OAI Metadata Harvesting Protocol: A Tutorial".
Libraries Webzine , No. 4, 2001. http://library.cern.ch/HEPLW/4/papers/3/
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Protocolos de comunicaciones/Open Archives
Initiative/Harvesting metadata
Resumen:
In this article I outline the ideas behind the Open Archives
Initiative metadata harvesting protocol (OAIMH), and attempt to clarify some
common misconceptions. I then consider how the OAIMH protocol can be used to
expose and harvest metadata. Perl code examples are given as practical
illustration.
Due to the increasing importance of electronic resources in
libraries, strategies must be explored to define programs for managing them, and
to assess the effectiveness of that management. Program assessment techniques
can be applied to electronic resources management in all types and sizes of
libraries, providing one possibility for program development and
assessment.
191.
Wisser, K., "Meeting metadata
challenges in the consortial environment: Metadata coordination for North
Carolina Exploring Cultural Heritage Online ". Library Hi
Tech , Vol. 23, No. 2, 2005, pp. 164-171. http://ejournals.ebsco.com/direct.asp?ArticleID=40B9B75C77509A2F19AC
Descriptores
: Consorcios/Metadatos/Patrimonio cultural
Resumen:
Purpose - The purpose of this article is to focus on the
approaches to metadata pursued by North Carolina's Exploring Cultural Heritage
Online (NC ECHO), a statewide digitization project. Metadata forms the
cornerstone to the project and serves as a vehicle to meet the vision of
all-inclusive access to the state's unique cultural and historical resources.
Design/methodology/approach - The article begins with a description of the
cultural heritage institution landscape in North Carolina and a discussion of
that landscape within the framework of metadata challenges. Four distinct but
interrelated approaches are then discussed in the context of the project's
missions and goals: working groups, 'metadata first', training and outreach, and
'Seek a Metadata Consultation'. Findings - The described approach demonstrates a
commitment to communication, facilitation, and empowerment that is fundamental
to the overall mission of NC ECHO: to provide access to the state's cultural
heritage materials through an online portal. Originality/value - The article
provides a discussion of the importance of marketing, approval, coordination,
and participation in the context of these metadata solutions.
: Bibliotecas digitales/Metadatos
/Visualización/Recuperación a texto completo/Interfaces
Resumen:
The Greenstone digital library software is an open-source
system for the construction and presentation of information collections. It
builds collections with effective full-text searching and metadata-based
browsing facilities that are attractive and easy to use. Moreover, they are
easily maintained and can be augmented and rebuilt entirely automatically. The
system is extensible: software 'plugins' accommodate different document and
metadata types. Greenstone incorporates an interface that makes it easy for
people to create their own library collections. Collections may be built and
served locally from the user's own web server, or (given appropriate
permissions) remotely on a shared digital library host. End users can easily
build new collections styled after existing ones from material on the Web or
from their local files (or both), and collections can be updated and new ones
brought on-line at any time.
Now that XML is five years old, is it time for
e-libraries to start exploiting its full potential by delivering it to the end
user rather than converting it to HTML first? What, if any, would be the
advantages to users and providers? Could browsers cope? And is it worth the
bother?
194.
Xiaoming Liu , Maly, K., Zubair, M., and
Nelson, M. L., "Arc - An OAI Service Provider for Digital Library
Federation ". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2001. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april01/liu/04liu.html
The usefulness of the many on-line journals and scientific
digital libraries that exist today is limited by the inability to federate these
resources through a unified interface. The Open Archive Initiative (OAI) is one
major effort to address technical interoperability among distributed archives.
The objective of OAI is to develop a framework to facilitate the discovery of
content in distributed archives. In this paper, we describe our experience and
lessons learned in building Arc, the first federated searching service based on
the OAI protocol. Arc harvests metadata from several OAI compliant archives,
normalizes them, and stores them in a search service based on a relational
database (MySQL or Oracle). At present we have over 320,000 metadata records
from 18 data providers from various subject domains. We have also implemented an
OAI layer over Arc, thus making hierarchical harvesting possible. The
experiences described within should be applicable to others who seek to build an
OAI service provider.
195.
Xiaoming Liu , Maly, K., Zubair, M., and
Nelson, M. L., "Kepler - An OAI Data/Service Provider for the
Individual ". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2001 . http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april01/maly/04maly.html
There are a number of ways a service provider can provide a
resource discovery service across several data providers, that is, several
digital libraries. In the harvesting approach, the service provider harvests the
metadata of the digital libraries and uses them for unified resource discovery.
A recent standardization effort, the Open Archive Initiative (OAI), defines a
standard, open interface between data providers and service providers to
implement digital library interoperability based on the harvesting approach. The
intention of OAI is to support data providers (archives) that exist at an
organizational level. A typical data provider is a digital library that has no
constraints on how it implements its services with its own set of publishing
tools and policies. However, to be part of OAI, a data provider needs to be
'open' in as far as it needs to support the OAI metadata harvesting protocol. In
this paper, we propose the Kepler framework1 based on OAI to support what we
call 'personal data providers' or 'archivelets'. The objective of the Kepler
framework is to satisfy the need for average researchers at an average
university to publish results and disseminate them quickly and conveniently to a
wide audience. While this primary objective is the result of our personal
experience, we believe the concept can be extended to any community that wishes
its publications to be made available to a wide audience over the Internet. We
have a reference implementation for the Kepler framework that we call a digital
library of many 'little' publishers. In particular, we have implemented (a) an
easy-to-use archivelet that is downloadable and self-installing, (b) an
automated registration service to support tens of thousands of publishers, and
(c) a simple service provider to harvest metadata from archivelets.
: Metadatos/Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Records (FRBR)
Resumen:
In 1998, the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Records (FRBR) model which is composed of four entities (work, expression,
manifestation and item) and their associative relationships (primary,
responsibility and subject), was proposed by the International Federation of
Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). The FRBR model can be deployed as
a logical framework for proceeding metadata analysis and developing metadata
format. This paper presents a case study of the National Palace Museum (NPM) in
Taipei to examine the feasibility of the FRBR model. Based on the examination of
case study at the NPM, the FRBR model is proven to be a useful and fundamental
framework for metadata analysis and implementation. Findings show that the FRBR
model is helpful in identifying proper metadata elements organization and their
distribution over the FRBR entities. The model is more suitable for
media-centric and association-rich contents. However, in order to refine the
FRBR model as a common framework for metadata, it would also require supportive
mechanisms for management responsibility relationships for the workflow
consideration and refine the distinction between work and expression entity.
197.
Ya-Ning Chen , Shu-Jiun Chen , and Lin, S.
C., "A metadata lifecycle model for digital libraries: methodology and
application for an evidence-based approach to library research".
IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 69, 2003. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/141e-Chen_Chen_Lin.pdf
Descriptores
: Metadatos/Bibliotecas digitales/Medicina basada en la
evidencia
Resumen:
Metadata is an emerging approach to organizing digital
collections in order to enhance retrieval, preservation, and interoperability.
The various issues confronting digital library projects that aspire to adopt
metadata create the need for a systematic methodology. The Metadata Lifecycle
Model (MLM), proposed in this paper, consists of ten steps: 1) acquiring basic
metadata needs, 2) assessment of deep metadata needs, 3) review of standards and
projects, 4) analysis of elements and standards, 5) preparation of metadata
specification, 6) evaluation of metadata systems, 7) preparation of guidance and
best practice, 8) development of metadata system, 9) maintenance of metadata
service, and 10) evaluation of metadata performance. The MLM has already
undergone two years of actual use, and a case study involving forty digital
library projects has been conducted to examine its feasibility.
: Metadatos/XML/World wide web/Acceso a la información/Web
semántica
Resumen:
La web semántica es considerada la nueva generación de la web.
El objetivo de esta nueva "web de los significados" es permitir que tanto
máquinas como personas trabajen en cooperación. Para alcanzarlo, se codifican
los datos de forma que los contenidos de la web sean más comprensibles por
medios algorítmicos. En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de los conceptos
de la web semántica junto con sus tecnologías al área del control de acceso. En
concreto, se presenta un nuevo modelo de control de acceso al que hemos
denominado SAC, Semantic Access Control Model, el cual usa diferentes capas de
metadatos para describir la semántica de los diferentes componentes que
participan en una decisión de acceso.
: Metadatos/Gestión de contenidos/Bibliotecas
digitales/Gestión del conocimiento
Resumen:
To research a resource description framework (RDF) based
digital library system that facilitates digital resource management and supports
knowledge management for an interoperable information environment.
Design/methodology/approach The paper first introduces some of issues with
metadata management and knowledge management and describes the needs for a true
interoperable environment for information transferring across domains. A journal
delivery application has been implemented as a concept-proof project to
demonstrate the usefulness of RDF in digital library systems. Findings The
RDF-based digital library system at the University of Arizona Libraries provides
an easy way for digital resource management by integrating other applications
regardless of metadata formats and web presence. Practical implications A
journal delivery application has been running in the RDF-based digital library
system since April 2005. An electronic theses and dissertation application will
be handled by the same system. Originality/value The paper suggests to use
RDF, the semantic web technology, as a new approach to facilitate knowledge
management and metadata management. Using RDF technology brings new ways to
manage and discover information for libraries.
Keywords: Content management, Digital libraries, Knowledge management,
Resource description framework
: Metadatos/RDF/Bibliotecas/RSS (Really Simple
Syndication)/Sindicación de contenidos
Resumen:
Tutorial, background materials, further
exploration??ExploreRSS'srelevance to the CDL and learning environments.??Think
about what RSS has to teach us as we build new infrastructure and tools (like
the IU's Scholar's Box??Touch upon some issues on the longer-term horizon (RDF
and the semantic web; semantic interoperability)
The Shanghai Digital Library (SDL) is a component of the China
Digital Library Project. This paper introduces the framework, goals, and
contents of the China Digital Library Project. The vision, mission, system
architecture, digital resources, and related major technology of the SDL project
are discussed. Also, the background of the Chinese metadata application and the
metadata scheme of the SDL are described, and the features of metadata
application in practical cases are analyzed. Finally, current issues of metadata
application and their solutions are suggested.
202.
Yuanliang Ma and Wei Liu,
"Digital Resources And Metadata Application In Shanghai Library".
Cataloging & classification quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 3-4, 2003, pp.
57-70. http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=317848
The Shanghai Digital Library (SDL) is a component of the
China Digital Library Project. This paper introduces the framework, goals
and contents of the China Digital Library Project. Based on this Project,
it discusses the vision, mission, system architecture, digital resources and
related major technology of the SDL Project. It describes the background
of the Chinese metadata application and the metadata scheme of the SDL, and
analyzes the features of metadata application in practical cases. Finally,
it suggests current issues of metadata application and their
solutions.
203.
Zeng, M. L. , "Metadata elements for
object description and representation: a case report from a digitized historical
fashion collection". Journal of the American Society for
Information Science, Vol. 50, No. 13, 1999, pp. 1193-1208. http://www.slis.kent.edu/~mzeng/OCLCreport/cover.html
Descriptores
: Internet /Catalogación/Metadatos/Dublin
Core/Arte/Imágenes/Museos
Resumen:
La meta de este proyecto es desarrollar un catálogo para
una colección digitalizada de los objetos históricos de moda depositados en el
Kent State University Museum para analizar y evaluar como puede aplicarse el
formato de metadatos a una colección de este tipo. El proyecto consideró los
usos conocidos y previsto de la coección, y la identificación de los elementos
de los metadatos que se necesitarían para adecuarse a estos usos. A partir de un
conjunto de 90 registros de acceso al museo, 42 objetos so
n seleccionados a través del catálogo. Estos
metadatos se crearon utilizando tres formatos distintos: 1. Las Anglo-American
Cataloguing Rules (AACR) en United States Machine-Readable Cataloging (USMARC).
2. Grupos de elementos diseñados en Dublin Core
se para los niveles mínimos de
catalogación, y los Visual Resources Association (VRA) Core Categories for
Visual Resources para desarrollar bases de datos locales y catalogación de una
colección de imágenes. Se comparan y análisis los diferentes formatos adoptados
--------------------------------------------- Los archivos de
mensajes de INFODOC se pueden consultar en la direccio
http://listas.bcl.jcyl.es ---------------------------------------------